根據(jù)科學(xué)研究，為什么遠(yuǎn)程工作很糟糕

根據(jù)科學(xué)研究，為什么遠(yuǎn)程工作很糟糕

Like a decent chunk of the American workforce, Planet Money is now working remotely. Every morning, we have an all-staff video conference on GoToMeeting. We use Slack for conversations. We use Dropbox to transfer the files. We're making the best of it — we're happy to have the work — but no one really loves it.

就像美國勞動力中相當(dāng)一部分人一樣，Planet Money現(xiàn)在也在遠(yuǎn)程工作。每天早上，我們有一個(gè)全體員工通過GoToMeeting進(jìn)行視頻會議。我們用Slack聊天。我們用Dropbox來傳輸文件。我們盡力做到最好，我們很高興得到這份工作，但沒有人真正喜歡它。

Since the birth of the personal computer, futurists have been predicting the death of the office. If we can chat over video and instantly exchange messages and files, they figured, why would we endure stressful commutes in fossil-fuel-burning vehicles just to sit side by side in brick-and-mortar buildings? I mean, we're mostly staring at screens there anyway.

自從個(gè)人電腦誕生以來，未來學(xué)家就一直在預(yù)測辦公室的消亡。他們想，如果我們可以通過視頻聊天，即時(shí)交換信息和文件，那我們?yōu)槭裁匆淌茉谌紵剂系钠嚴(yán)锏木o張通勤，只是為了在實(shí)體建筑里肩并肩地坐著?我的意思是，我們大部分時(shí)間都盯著屏幕。

But the office has proven more stubbornly useful than we had imagined. Between 2005 and 2015. despite the spread of high-speed Internet and apps like Zoom, Slack and Dropbox, the percentage of people regularly working remotely increased only between 2 and 3 percentage points.

但事實(shí)證明，這個(gè)辦公室比我們想象的要有用得多。從2005年到2015年，盡管高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和諸如Zoom、Slack和Dropbox等應(yīng)用的普及，但經(jīng)常遠(yuǎn)程工作的人的比例只增長了2到3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

Now, with COVID-19. about a third of the workforce is working remotely, and this transition hasn't been easy. At Planet Money, we're facing issues like how to maintain team comradery through cameras on our computers. We're not alone.

現(xiàn)在，有了COVID-19.大約三分之一的員工在遠(yuǎn)程工作，這種轉(zhuǎn)變并不容易。在Planet Money公司，我們面臨的問題包括如何通過電腦上的攝像頭保持團(tuán)隊(duì)的友好關(guān)系。我們不是一個(gè)人。

According to a recent survey by the Society of Human Resource Management, over 70 percent of employers report struggles with shifting to remote work.

根據(jù)人力資源管理協(xié)會最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，超過70%的雇主報(bào)告說，他們很難轉(zhuǎn)向遠(yuǎn)程工作。

Another survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers finds that about half of companies believe they are witnessing a dip in productivity with this shift.

普華永道的另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，約有一半的公司認(rèn)為，這種轉(zhuǎn)變正在導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)率下降。

The Stanford psychologist Jeremy Bailenson has spent two decades studying virtual communication between humans, and he's cataloged the ways existing technology fails us. We talked with him, naturally, through Zoom. The technology is kinda awkward. And that's a big part of the problem.

斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)家杰里米·貝倫森花了20年時(shí)間研究人類之間的虛擬交流，他列舉了現(xiàn)有技術(shù)令我們失望的地方。我們通過Zoom自然地和他交談。技術(shù)有點(diǎn)笨拙。這是一個(gè)很大的問題。

"When we're actually face to face, we don't stare at each other's eyes for that long," Bailneson says. "But a lot of these videoconference technologies let everybody's staring at you right in the face." It's exhausting and superweird to have disembodied heads just staring at you for hours.

“當(dāng)我們面對面時(shí)，我們不會長時(shí)間盯著對方的眼睛看，”貝倫森說。“但很多視頻會議技術(shù)讓每個(gè)人都能直視你的臉。”讓非實(shí)體的腦袋盯著你看幾個(gè)小時(shí)，既讓人筋疲力盡，又超級怪異。

"People have very dedicated personal norms about the proper space one should leave between themselves and others," he says. But when you're on a video call, your personal space is defined by how close the camera is to your face. In real life, this view of someone would be crazy.

他說:“人們對自己和他人之間應(yīng)該留出的適當(dāng)空間有著非常嚴(yán)格的個(gè)人規(guī)范。”但當(dāng)你在視頻通話時(shí)，你的個(gè)人空間是由攝像頭離你的臉有多近決定的。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，這種觀點(diǎn)是很瘋狂的。

If you were regularly this close to a colleague's face in a physical office, you'd probably have serious problems with the HR department. "We very rarely get that close to someone unless we're in a fight or an intimate situation," he says.

如果你經(jīng)常在辦公室里和同事的臉這么近，你可能會和人力資源部門有嚴(yán)重的問題。他說:“除非我們在打架或親密的情況下，否則我們很少會那么接近某人。”

It's not all bad. In a series of experiments, Bailenson found that the gaze of a teacher in a video call made students pay closer attention, causing a short-term spike in their productivity.

也不全是壞事。在一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，貝倫森發(fā)現(xiàn)，教師在視頻電話中的凝視會讓學(xué)生更加集中注意力，從而在短期內(nèi)提高他們的學(xué)習(xí)效率。

So we have a long way to go on that front. Until then, good luck with your Zoom calls.

所以我們在這方面還有很長的路要走。在那之前，祝你Zoom來電好運(yùn)。