最早使用F-Word之一的手稿是在鼠疫時(shí)期發(fā)現(xiàn)的

最早使用F-Word之一的手稿是在鼠疫時(shí)期發(fā)現(xiàn)的

A medieval “rap battle” written during the 16th-century plague contains one of the earliest known uses of the F-word.

一個(gè)寫(xiě)于16世紀(jì)瘟疫時(shí)期的中世紀(jì)“說(shuō)唱之戰(zhàn)”包含了這個(gè)詞最早的用法。

Known collectively as the Bannatyne Manuscript, the anthology was collected and written in the last three months of 1568 when Scottish merchant and student George Bannatyne was in lockdown in Edinburgh, Scotland, following an outbreak of the plague. Hidden away in his country retreat, five centuries later Bannatyne would be celebrated for his “anthology of poetry” that today contains one of the oldest known recorded uses of the F-bomb.

這部合稱(chēng)《班納廷手稿》的選集是在1568年的最后三個(gè)月里完成的，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇格蘭商人兼學(xué)生喬治·班納廷因瘟疫爆發(fā)被關(guān)押在蘇格蘭愛(ài)丁堡。5個(gè)世紀(jì)后，Bannatyne隱藏在他的鄉(xiāng)間別墅里，以他的“詩(shī)歌選集”而聞名。今天，這本選集收錄了最古老的F-bomb用法。

Madison Dapcevich

A documentary aired by BBC Scotland features the F-word. In the documentary, Dr Joanna Kopaczyk, a historical linguistics expert from Glasgow University, calls it “some very juicy language,” reports The Scotsman.

英國(guó)廣播公司(BBC)在蘇格蘭播出的一部紀(jì)錄片中使用了這個(gè)詞。據(jù)《蘇格蘭人報(bào)》報(bào)道，在這部紀(jì)錄片中，格拉斯哥大學(xué)的歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)專(zhuān)家喬安娜·科帕奇克博士稱(chēng)其為“非常有趣的語(yǔ)言”。

The manuscript also contains the work from around 40 featured authors. Many of the pieces are found in other manuscripts or earlier printed sources, but the “collection as a whole is of unique importance,” notes the archives. In addition to the F-bomb, the manuscript also contains some of the best work from the country’s most important poets and, in some cases, remains the only record of some poems, fables, and religious verses.

手稿中還包含了大約40位著名作家的作品。許多作品是在其他手稿或更早的印刷資料中找到的，但檔案館指出，“作為一個(gè)整體的收藏具有獨(dú)特的重要性。”除了F-bomb，手稿還包含了一些來(lái)自這個(gè)國(guó)家最重要的詩(shī)人的最好的作品，在某些情況下，仍然是一些詩(shī)歌、寓言和宗教詩(shī)句的唯一記錄。

“The Bannatyne Manuscript is a collection of some 400 poems compiled by the young Edinburgh merchant George Bannatyne in the last months of 1568 when an outbreak of plague in Edinburgh compelled him to stay indoors. It is one of the most important surviving sources of Older Scots poetry. The manuscript remained in his descendants’ possession until they gifted it to the Advocates Library – the National Library’s predecessor – in 1772,” a spokesperson from the National Library of Scotland (NLS) told IFLScience in an email.

《班納廷手稿》是大約400首詩(shī)歌的合集，由年輕的愛(ài)丁堡商人喬治·班納廷在1568年的最后幾個(gè)月里編纂而成，當(dāng)時(shí)愛(ài)丁堡爆發(fā)的瘟疫迫使他呆在家里。它是現(xiàn)存的最重要的蘇格蘭古詩(shī)的來(lái)源之一。蘇格蘭國(guó)家圖書(shū)館(NLS)的一位發(fā)言人在電子郵件中告訴IFLScience:“這份手稿一直保存在他的后代手中，直到他們?cè)?772年將它贈(zèng)給提倡者圖書(shū)館——國(guó)家圖書(shū)館的前身。”

Though it's not the oldest recorded use of the F-word – that credit goes to a man by the name of Roger Fuckebythenavele who dropped the F-bomb in a 1310 courtroom, according to The Independent. Around two centuries later, the expletive makes its appearance in William Dunbar’s epic poem, "The Flytings Dunbar and Kennedie" – the medieval equivalent of a modern-day rap battle.

據(jù)《獨(dú)立報(bào)》報(bào)道，盡管這并不是有記錄以來(lái)最早使用“f”這個(gè)詞的人——這要?dú)w功于一個(gè)名叫羅杰·福克斯比·特納維爾的人，他在1310年的法庭上說(shuō)了一個(gè)F-bomb。大約兩個(gè)世紀(jì)后，咒罵語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在威廉·鄧巴的史詩(shī)《鄧巴與肯尼迪的飛行》中——中世紀(jì)的說(shuō)唱之戰(zhàn)。

“It has long been known that the manuscript contains some strong swearwords that are now common in everyday language, although at the time, they were very much used in good-natured jest. In particular, the 'Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedie,' a great slanging match between the poets William Dunbar and Walter Kennedie, has been infamous for giving us [one of] the earliest known examples of these terms in written form,” said the spokesperson.

人們?cè)缇椭?，這份手稿中含有一些如今在日常語(yǔ)言中很常見(jiàn)的臟話(huà)，盡管在當(dāng)時(shí)，這些臟話(huà)多用于善意的玩笑中。特別值得一提的是，詩(shī)人威廉•鄧巴和沃爾特•肯尼迪之間的一場(chǎng)惡語(yǔ)大戰(zhàn)——《鄧巴與肯尼迪的對(duì)決》——臭名昭著，因?yàn)樗詴?shū)面形式為我們提供了已知最早的這類(lèi)詞匯的例子之一，”這位發(fā)言人表示。

Europe saw several waves of the plague between the 6th and 17th centuries, and Scotland was no different. Quarantine measures put in place resemble some of those seen today, including self-isolation and 40-day quarantines on goods imported from places where the plague was known to persist, according to the NLS. Many Europeans believed that the plague was a punishment from God until the 19th century when it was discovered that a bacterium known as Yersinia pestis carried by rodent fleas was responsible.

歐洲在6世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì)之間經(jīng)歷了幾次瘟疫，蘇格蘭也不例外。國(guó)家勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局說(shuō)，目前采取的檢疫措施與今天看到的一些措施類(lèi)似，包括自我隔離和對(duì)從已知鼠疫持續(xù)存在的地區(qū)進(jìn)口的貨物實(shí)施40天的檢疫。許多歐洲人認(rèn)為鼠疫是上帝的懲罰，直到19世紀(jì)才發(fā)現(xiàn)由嚙齒動(dòng)物蚤攜帶的耶爾森氏鼠疫桿菌是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

The Bannatyne Manuscript contains a collection of poetry from more than 40 authors, one of which records one of the earliest written uses of the f-word. NLS