過(guò)濾咖啡和未過(guò)濾咖啡:哪種類型的咖啡更有益于健康?

過(guò)濾咖啡和未過(guò)濾咖啡:哪種類型的咖啡更有益于健康?

Whether you’re a six cups of instant a day or one cup of artisanal brew sort of person, coffee is a drink adored by weary adults far and wide, but depending on your breed of brew the health outcomes can differ. Now, thanks to science, a study published in the European Journal of Preventative Cardiology has cracked the healthiest cuppa.

不管你是那種每天喝六杯速溶咖啡的人，還是那種只喝一杯手工咖啡的人，咖啡都是深受疲憊的成年人喜愛(ài)的飲品，但不同的咖啡品種對(duì)健康的影響也不同。現(xiàn)在，多虧了科學(xué)，發(fā)表在《歐洲預(yù)防心臟病學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)破解了最健康的咖啡。

And the winner is… filtered coffee! Here’s why…

獲勝者是……過(guò)濾咖啡!原因如下…

Rachael Funnell

Coffee is a stimulant, which is why it can help perk us up when we’re feeling a little worse for wear. Around 30 years ago, study author Professor Dag S. Thelle of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, discovered that coffee consumption could result in a raised total cholesterol and an increase in the "bad" LDL cholesterol. The increase was considered significant enough to have a detrimental impact on health and longevity. The link was investigated further and Thelle and his team were able to pinpoint the guilty substances within coffee. It was found that using a filter could remove these as a cup of filtered coffee contained 30 times less lipid-raising substances compared to unfiltered.

咖啡是一種興奮劑，這就是為什么當(dāng)我們感到有點(diǎn)糟糕的時(shí)候，它可以幫助我們振作起來(lái)。大約30年前，該研究的作者，瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)的Dag S. Thelle教授發(fā)現(xiàn)，喝咖啡會(huì)導(dǎo)致總膽固醇升高和“壞”的低密度脂蛋白膽固醇增加。顯著的的增加足以對(duì)健康和壽命產(chǎn)生有害影響。Thelle和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)一步調(diào)查了兩者之間的聯(lián)系，確定了咖啡中的有害物質(zhì)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用過(guò)濾器可以去除這些物質(zhì)，因?yàn)橐槐^(guò)濾過(guò)的咖啡所含的升脂物質(zhì)是未過(guò)濾的咖啡的30倍。

The actual impact of unfiltered coffee compared to filtered wasn’t thoroughly understood, but for moral reasons the researchers couldn’t conduct a study encouraging people to consume it and find out. Instead, from 1985 to 2003, the study looked at the coffee habits of 508,747 healthy Norweigan men and women. The participants divulged in a survey how much and what type of coffee they consumed in a survey, the results of which were compared against data on their lifestyles and health records.

未過(guò)濾咖啡和過(guò)濾咖啡的實(shí)際影響還沒(méi)有被完全了解，但由于道德上的原因，研究人員無(wú)法進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)鼓勵(lì)人們飲用咖啡的研究。相反，從1985年到2003年，這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了508,747名健康的挪威男性和女性的咖啡習(xí)慣。參與者在一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中透露了他們喝了多少咖啡、喝了什么類型的咖啡，并將調(diào)查結(jié)果與他們的生活方式和健康記錄進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。

The research group was followed up for an average of 20 years, and of the 508,747participants a total of 46,341 died. Of those, 12,621 deaths were from cardiovascular disease and 6,202 of which were caused by a heart attack. Analysis of the results found that by and large, drinking coffee was not a dangerous habit. Drinking filtered coffee was actually found to be safer than not drinking any coffee at all, with a 12 percent and 20 percent reduction in risk of death from cardiovascular disease for men and women respectively. The lowest risk of death was seen in coffee drinkers limiting themselves to one to four cups a day.

研究小組平均跟蹤調(diào)查了20年，508,747名參與者中，共有46,341人死亡。其中，12621人死于心血管疾病，6202人死于心臟病發(fā)作。分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，喝咖啡并不是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的習(xí)慣。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲用過(guò)濾咖啡比完全不喝咖啡更安全，男性和女性死于心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分別降低了12%和20%。死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低的是那些每天只喝一到四杯咖啡的人。

Professor Thelle of the study said in a statement: "The finding that those drinking the filtered beverage did a little better than those not drinking coffee at all could not be explained by any other variable such as age, gender, or lifestyle habits. So we think this observation is true."

該研究的塞勒教授在一份聲明中說(shuō):“飲用過(guò)濾飲料的人比完全不喝咖啡的人表現(xiàn)稍好，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)不能用年齡、性別或生活習(xí)慣等其他變量來(lái)解釋。”所以我們認(rèn)為這個(gè)觀察結(jié)果是正確的。”

The research also noted that unfiltered coffee didn’t appear to raise the risk of death from cardiovascular disease when compared to abstaining, apart from males aged 60 and above, but this might have been due to inconsistent coffee drinking habits. Thelle said, "We believe that some women and younger men drinking unfiltered coffee switched to filtered, thereby reducing the strength of the association with cardiovascular mortality, whereas older men were less inclined to change their habits."

研究還指出，除了年齡在60歲以上的男性外，未過(guò)濾的咖啡與不過(guò)濾的相比，似乎并沒(méi)有增加死于心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但這可能是由于不一致的咖啡飲用習(xí)慣造成的。Thelle說(shuō):“我們認(rèn)為，一些飲用未過(guò)濾咖啡的女性和年輕男性轉(zhuǎn)而飲用過(guò)濾咖啡，從而降低了心血管疾病死亡率，而年紀(jì)較大的男性則不太愿意改變他們的習(xí)慣。”

Professor Thelle emphasized that his conclusions are built on observational data, but is confident that the findings constitute convincing evidence of a link between coffee brewing methods, heart attacks, and life span. He stated that, if pushed by health authorities for his advice, it would be: "For people who know they have high cholesterol levels and want to do something about it, stay away from unfiltered brew, including coffee made with a cafetière. For everyone else, drink your coffee with a clear conscience and go for filtered."

Thelle教授強(qiáng)調(diào)，他的結(jié)論是建立在觀察數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上的，但他相信，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)構(gòu)成了令人信服的證據(jù)，證明咖啡釀造方法、心臟病發(fā)作和壽命之間存在聯(lián)系。他說(shuō)，如果衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局向他征求意見(jiàn)，他的建議將是:“那些知道自己膽固醇水平高，并想做點(diǎn)什么的人，遠(yuǎn)離未經(jīng)過(guò)濾的咖啡，包括用咖啡壺煮的咖啡。”對(duì)其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，喝咖啡要問(wèn)心無(wú)愧，喝過(guò)濾過(guò)的咖啡。”