從COVID-19恢復需要多長時間?

從COVID-19恢復需要多長時間?

Around the world, COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to grow each day. Yet, there are also more than 440.000 people globally who have recovered to date.

在世界各地，COVID-19病例和死亡人數每天都在增加。然而，迄今為止，全球也有超過44萬人康復。

For those who have had the illness, recovery can be a slow journey. And even after you're feeling better, there can be a period of uncertainty. After days or weeks of isolation, you may be eager to see family again and even step foot into the outer world. But how soon is too soon? And how do you know when you're no longer infectious?

對于那些患病的人來說，康復是一個緩慢的過程。即使你感覺好些了，也會有一段不確定的時期。在與世隔絕的幾天或幾周之后，你可能渴望再次見到家人，甚至踏入外面的世界。但是多快才算快呢?你怎么知道你什么時候不再有感染力?

For answers, we've turned to several experts, including two doctors who both got diagnosed with COVID-19 in mid-March and have since recovered. Rosny Daniel, 32. an emergency department doctor at the University of California, San Francisco, is back on the job and feeling "completely back to normal."

為了找到答案，我們咨詢了幾位專家，其中包括兩名醫(yī)生，他們都在3月中旬被診斷出患有COVID-19.目前已經康復。32歲的羅斯尼·丹尼爾是加州大學舊金山分校的急診科醫(yī)生，他已經重返工作崗位，感覺“完全恢復了正常”。

And Darren Klugman, 45. a pediatric cardiologist, says he's feeling "100%" and is also back to work after isolating himself away from his family.

45歲的兒科心臟病專家達倫·克盧格曼說，他感覺“百分之百(康復)”，在把自己與家人隔離后，他也回到了工作崗位。

Klugman says the news of the rising COVID-19 deaths is heartbreaking and sobering. He says it points to the critical need for pandemic planning. But he says it's almost as important to realize how many people are recovering. "The majority of people will have a mild-to-moderate flu-like illness like I had," Klugman says.

克盧格曼說，死亡人數上升的消息令人心碎，也發(fā)人深省。他說，這表明了制定大流行規(guī)劃的迫切需要。但他表示，意識到有多少人正在康復幾乎同樣重要?？吮R格曼說:“大多數人會像我一樣有輕度到中度的流感樣疾病。”

He says that it's critical for everyone to follow social distancing guidelines and that if you do suspect you may be sick — whether or not you have tested positive — take action to protect yourself and those around you. "Most important is recognizing the symptoms early, isolating oneself and really strictly abiding by the quarantine rules," Klugman says.

他說，對每個人來說，遵循社交距離準則是至關重要的，如果你懷疑自己可能生病了，不管你的檢測結果是否呈陽性，那就采取行動保護你自己和你周圍的人。“最重要的是及早發(fā)現癥狀，隔離自己，真正嚴格遵守隔離規(guī)則，”克盧格曼說。

Am I well yet? What to watch for if you think you're getting well.

我好了嗎?如果你認為你正在康復，你應該注意什么。

Daniel says people who get COVID-19 can have a wide range of symptoms and the severity of the sickness can range a great deal from person to person. "It's incredibly confusing, and there is a big amount of unpredictability to it," he says.

丹尼爾說，得了COVID-19的人可能會有各種各樣的癥狀，而且病情的嚴重程度因人而異。他說:“這非常令人困惑，而且有很大的不可預測性。”

But keep an eye out if you think you're better after a few days, because you may still get worse. Daniel says for the first few days of his illness he had aches and chills. He developed a fever and a mild cough and felt wiped out, tired."My muscles hurt really bad in my legs. I felt really sore," he says. "[It was] painful to the point that they felt like they were tingling."

但是，如果你認為幾天后你就會好起來，請注意，因為你可能還會變得更糟。丹尼爾說，在他生病的頭幾天，他一直感到疼痛和發(fā)冷。他開始發(fā)燒，還有輕微的咳嗽，覺得累極了。“我腿部的肌肉疼得很厲害。我覺得很疼，”他說。“痛苦到讓他們感到刺痛的程度。”

He started to feel better, but then, on day seven, the symptoms came back and he started to also have trouble breathing.

他開始感覺好一些了，但是在第七天，癥狀又出現了，他開始呼吸困難。

He has mild asthma and Type 1 diabetes, two underlying conditions linked to an increased risk of serious illness. He began using his inhalers to treat the asthma. He also took an antibiotic to treat what may have been a secondary bacterial infection in his lung. After several days, he felt much better.

他患有輕度哮喘和1型糖尿病，這兩種疾病都會增加嚴重疾病的風險。他開始用他的呼吸器來治療哮喘。他還服用了抗生素來治療肺部的繼發(fā)性細菌感染。幾天后，他感覺好多了。

Klugman says he felt sick for about 10 days. At first he had "intermittent chills and body aches," and then he developed a low fever and a "very prominent cough." Based on these symptoms, he quarantined himself away from his family for 14 days.

克盧格曼說，他大約病了10天。起初，他“間歇性發(fā)冷，身體疼痛”，后來他開始低燒，“咳嗽得很厲害”?；谶@些癥狀，他將自己與家人隔離了14天。

What are the guidelines for when you can stop isolating yourself after you've been sick?

當你生病后什么時候可以停止自我隔離?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidance saying people with COVID-19 can stop isolating themselves when they've been fever free for 72 hours — that's three days after the fever ends. And to note: That is without the use of fever-reducing medicine. This should accompany an improvement in respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath, and should be at least seven days from the onset of initial symptoms.

美國疾病控制與預防中心發(fā)布了一項指導意見，稱COVID-19患者在72小時內不發(fā)燒時可以停止自我隔離，這是退燒后的第三天。注意:這是不使用退燒藥的。這應該伴隨著呼吸道癥狀的改善，如咳嗽和呼吸短促，并且應該至少在最初癥狀出現后7天。

What does the science say about how long people may stay contagious after they've recovered?

關于人們康復后傳染性會保持多久，科學是怎么說的?

It's not fully known how long a person with COVID-19 is infectious. "A rough guide for other infections is that infectiousness drops when the fever subsides," says Ben Cowling, a professor of public health at the University of Hong Kong.

目前還不完全清楚COVID-19的感染時間。香港大學公共衛(wèi)生教授本·考林說:“對其他感染的一個粗略的指導是，當發(fā)燒消退時，傳染性就會下降。”

Aaron Carroll, a professor of medicine at Indiana University, says there's still some uncertainty. "We still don't have enough data to really know how long people are infectious," he says.

印第安納大醫(yī)學教授阿倫•卡羅爾表示，目前仍存在一些不確定性。他說:“我們仍然沒有足夠的數據來真正了解人的傳染性有多長。”

I feel well and back to normal. When can I see my older family members again?

我感覺很好，恢復正常了。我什么時候能再見到家里的長輩?

A lot of people who feel better would like to reconnect with family members — perhaps with elderly parents. But that's not safe yet, says Sean Morrison, a geriatrician and palliative care specialist at the Mount Sinai Health System.

許多感覺更好的人想要與家人重新聯(lián)系，也許是年邁的父母。但西奈山醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)(的老年醫(yī)學專家和姑息治療專家肖恩·莫里森說，這樣做還不安全。

Older people are more vulnerable to COVID-19. and 8 out of 10 deaths reported in the U.S. have been among adults who were at least 65 years old, according to the CDC.

老年人更容易受到COVID-19的感染，根據疾病預防控制中心的數據，美國報告的10例死亡中有8例發(fā)生在至少65歲的成年人中。

Will I be immune to reinfection after I've had COVID-19. or could I get it again?

在我患COVID-19后，我會不會對再次感染免疫，或者我會不會再感染一次?

The CDC says the full immune response, including duration of immunity, is not yet fully understood. So, there's some uncertainty.

美國疾病控制與預防中心說，包括免疫持續(xù)時間在內的完整的免疫反應還沒有被完全了解。所以，有一些不確定性。

"I hope that my antibodies are all ramped up and I'm protected from getting sick again, but I don't know that for sure," Daniel says. "So I'm treating it as if I don't have immunity, and I wear full protection at all times, by our hospital's guidelines, to make sure I'm still protecting myself."

丹尼爾說：“我希望我的抗體都增強了，我可以避免再次生病，但我不確定。”所以我把它當成沒有免疫力的東西來對待，而且根據我們醫(yī)院的指導方針，我隨時都會穿上全套防護服，以確保我仍然在保護自己。”