高海拔的足球隊(duì)有更大的主場優(yōu)勢

高海拔的足球隊(duì)有更大的主場優(yōu)勢

It is well known that sporting teams win more often playing at home than away, but the question of why has inspired much research. At least for European football, a new study reveals several factors that provide a benefit, but the most important is altitude. So Swiss teams really have no excuse.

眾所周知，運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)在主場比客場更容易獲勝，但“為什么會(huì)這樣”的問題激發(fā)了很多研究。至少對(duì)歐洲足球來說，一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了幾個(gè)有利因素，但最重要的是海拔。所以瑞士隊(duì)真的沒有借口。

In some sports, it is easy to see why playing at home would offer benefits. Soil and climate affect the bounce of a cricket pitch, so it's hardly surprising people who have spent their lives adapting to particular conditions do better there. It's not so obvious why basketball players, for example, with identical court dimensions would find games on the road more challenging.

在一些運(yùn)動(dòng)中，很容易看出為什么在主場會(huì)有好處。土壤和氣候會(huì)影響板球場地的彈跳，所以那些一生都在適應(yīng)特定環(huán)境的人在那里表現(xiàn)得更好也就不足為奇了。舉例來說，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在球場尺寸相同的情況下，為什么會(huì)覺得客場比賽更具挑戰(zhàn)性，原因就不那么明顯了。

Stephen Luntz

Nevertheless, the stats clearly reveal home-ground, or court, advantage remains. To explain why, Dr Nils Van Damme and Professor Stijn Baert of Ghent University analyzed 2012 games from the UEFA Champions and Europa Leagues. With 47 percent won by the home team, 29 percent away, and 24 percent draws there's no doubt it's better to be on familiar turf, but the authors wanted to know what conditions enhanced or diminished the size of the phenomenon.

盡管如此，這些數(shù)據(jù)清楚地顯示出，主場或球場優(yōu)勢依然存在。為了解釋其中的原因，根特大學(xué)的尼爾斯·范·達(dá)米博士和斯汀·貝爾特教授分析了2012年的歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽和歐羅巴聯(lián)賽。主場47%勝，客場29%平，24%平，毫無疑問，在熟悉的地盤上更好，但作者想知道是什么條件增強(qiáng)或減弱了這種現(xiàn)象。

Fans will be pleased to know their cheering makes a difference; as many previous studies have shown, large partisan crowds make wins more likely. However, the biggest benefit came from being based in a high-altitude city and playing opponents from sea level.

球迷將會(huì)很高興，因?yàn)樗麄兊臍g呼也是影響因素之一，許多先前的研究顯示,粉絲多的球隊(duì)獲勝的可能性更大。然而,最大的好處來自位于高海拔的城市，與來自海平面的對(duì)手比賽。

The benefit only goes one way, however; flatland teams don't get a head start when visited from the mountains.

然而，好處只有一個(gè);平地上的隊(duì)伍在從山上來的時(shí)候沒有一個(gè)好的開始。

It takes 5,000 screaming fans to equal the benefit from being the height of a 30-story building further into the sky than the competitors.

需要5000名尖叫的粉絲才能獲得比競爭對(duì)手更高的30層樓的高度。

Other factors the pair investigated, such as how far (horizontally) the away team had to travel, produced no statistically significant effect, although it is possible a larger sample size would have changed this. The authors also considered factors such as climatic and cultural differences between the venue and the away team's origins, but the only one that seemed to matter was being richer than the visitors.

這兩人調(diào)查的其他因素，如客場隊(duì)必須走多遠(yuǎn)(水平方向)，沒有產(chǎn)生統(tǒng)計(jì)上顯著的影響，盡管更大的樣本量可能會(huì)改變這一點(diǎn)。作者還考慮了氣候和客隊(duì)起源之間的文化差異等因素，但唯一重要的似乎是比客隊(duì)更富有。

Although reduced oxygen at high altitude is well known to affect new arrivals' performance, multifactorial analysis like this is susceptible to decisions about what gets left out. Perhaps academics from the coastal plane of one of the world's lowest-lying countries were subtly influenced by a desire to emphasize sea-level dwellers' disadvantages. Only replication will tell.

雖然眾所周知，高空缺氧會(huì)影響新到者的表現(xiàn)，但像這樣的多因素分析很容易讓人決定遺漏什么。也許來自世界上海拔最低的國家之一的沿海地區(qū)的學(xué)者們被一種強(qiáng)調(diào)海平面上居民的劣勢的愿望微妙地影響了。只有復(fù)制才能說明問題。