低溫傷病員:體溫過(guò)低的注意事項(xiàng)

低溫傷病員:體溫過(guò)低的注意事項(xiàng)

It's really, crazy, unbelievably cold outside. So why read another story about how chilly you feel? Why not learn a thing or two about the worst-case scenario that can happen when it's frigid -- hypothermia.

外面真是太冷了。那么，為什么要讀另一個(gè)關(guān)于你有多冷的故事呢?為什么不了解一下在寒冷的天氣里可能發(fā)生的最壞的情況——體溫過(guò)低呢?

How many people die of hypothermia?

有多少人死于體溫過(guò)低?

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that, on average, at least 1,000 people die each year from the condition that strikes when a person's core temperature dips below 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心報(bào)告稱，平均每年至少有1,000人死于當(dāng)人體核心溫度降至95華氏度以下時(shí)出現(xiàn)的疾病。

The stages of hypothermia begin when the body is losing heat faster than it can produce it. The condition typically affects people who abuse alcohol or drugs, elderly and very young people and the generally unhealthy, the National Institutes of Health says. Even babies who sleep in cold rooms can develop hypothermia, the CDC says.

當(dāng)身體失去熱量的速度超過(guò)產(chǎn)生熱量的速度時(shí)，體溫過(guò)低的階段就開(kāi)始了。美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院表示，酗酒或吸毒的人、老年人和非常年輕的人以及通常不健康的人通常會(huì)患上這種疾病。美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心表示，即使是睡在寒冷的房間里的嬰兒也會(huì)發(fā)生體溫過(guò)低。

How do I know if hypothermia has set in?

我如何知道體溫過(guò)低?

Whether it's caused by exposure to cold weather or immersion in cold water, someone with hypothermia first begins to shiver to move muscles and generate heat, experts say. When the body stops shivering, that's a sign of significant trouble.

專家說(shuō)，無(wú)論是暴露于寒冷的天氣還是浸泡在冷水中，體溫過(guò)低的人首先會(huì)顫抖，活動(dòng)肌肉并產(chǎn)生熱量。當(dāng)身體停止顫抖時(shí)，這是嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題的跡象。

When hypothermia begins, the body's core functions work harder, pulling blood into extremities. Shivering is the body's involuntary survival instinct to jump-start muscles to maintain warmth.

當(dāng)體溫過(guò)低開(kāi)始時(shí)，身體將血液輸送到四肢的核心功能會(huì)更加困難。顫抖是身體不自覺(jué)的生存本能，是為了啟動(dòng)肌肉來(lái)保持體溫。

If you start to shiver, shake it out.

如果你開(kāi)始發(fā)抖，抖動(dòng)吧。

"You should try to run, jump, move around. ... You should do anything you can to increase your body heat," said Jesse Schomberg, who works to educate Minnesotans about hypothermia at the Minnesota Sea Grant.

“你應(yīng)該試著跑步，跳躍，四處走動(dòng)……你應(yīng)該盡你所能增加你的體溫，”明尼蘇達(dá)海洋基金會(huì)的杰西·熊伯格說(shuō)。

It was zero degrees at 10 a.m. Wednesday in Minneapolis. Cold contributed to the deaths of 26 people in Minnesota between January and March 2014, the Minneapolis Star-Tribune reported.

周三上午10點(diǎn)，明尼阿波利斯的氣溫為零度。據(jù)《明尼阿波利斯星論壇報(bào)》報(bào)道，2014年1月至3月間，寒冷導(dǎo)致明尼蘇達(dá)州26人死亡。

Mild hypothermia can make a person dizzy, hungry, nauseous and make it harder to speak clearly. Motor skills will start to fail and a person may feel tired.

輕微的體溫過(guò)低會(huì)使人頭暈、饑餓、惡心，而且說(shuō)話也很難清楚。運(yùn)動(dòng)技能會(huì)開(kāi)始下降，人會(huì)感到疲勞。

Children typically develop bright red, cold skin. Babies' crying will grow weak. On the rare occasion that someone survives hypothermia, they describe being in a state of extreme confusion.

兒童的典型癥狀是皮膚變紅、變冷。嬰兒的哭聲會(huì)變?nèi)酢Ｔ跇O少數(shù)情況下，體溫過(guò)低的人幸存下來(lái)，他們描述自己處于極度混亂的狀態(tài)。

If there are few survivors, and they were confused, how do we know so much?

如果幸存者很少，而且他們很困惑，我們?cè)趺粗肋@么多?

Gordon Giesbrecht and his assistants have artificially lowered his body temperature to the point of hypothermia at least 30 times, he said.

戈登·吉斯布雷希特和他的助手們已經(jīng)人工將他的體溫降低了至少30次，他說(shuō)。

The associate dean of kinesiology and recreation management at University of Manitoba in Canada studies the effects of extreme weather and physical exertion on the body.

加拿大馬尼托巴大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能學(xué)和娛樂(lè)管理副院長(zhǎng)研究極端天氣和體力活動(dòng)對(duì)身體的影響。

"When we took people into the woods, they always wanted to know about hypothermia and frostbite," Giesbrecht told CNN.

“當(dāng)我們把人們帶到森林里的時(shí)候，他們總是想知道什么是低溫和凍傷，”吉斯布雷希特告訴CNN。

For a long time, medical experts believed that it would hurt a hypothermia victim to warm them right away, that might it might cause cardiac arrest or some other shock to the system, he said.

他說(shuō)，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，醫(yī)學(xué)專家一直認(rèn)為，立即給體溫過(guò)低的患者保暖會(huì)對(duì)他們?cè)斐蓚?，可能?huì)導(dǎo)致心臟驟停或其他一些系統(tǒng)休克。

Giesbrecht's experiments have also given hope to the survival odds for someone who falls into cold water and develops hypothermia.

吉斯布雷希特的實(shí)驗(yàn)也給那些掉進(jìn)冷水并體溫過(guò)低的人帶來(lái)了生存的希望。