為什么氣味會(huì)引發(fā)如此生動(dòng)的記憶?

為什么氣味會(huì)引發(fā)如此生動(dòng)的記憶?

The smell of a newly mowed lawn may take back to your childhood days tumbling in the backyard. Maybe catching a whiff of a certain perfume instantly reminds you of your mom.

剛修剪過(guò)的草坪的氣味可能會(huì)讓你回想起在后院翻滾的童年時(shí)光。也許聞到某種香水的味道會(huì)讓你立刻想起你的媽媽。

Some scents give you a strong emotional rush. (Photo: mimagephotography/Shutterstock)

Why do smells have the power to trigger such strong memories? The answer is in your brain.

為什么氣味能激發(fā)如此強(qiáng)烈的記憶?答案就在你的腦子里。

Normally, when you hear, see, touch or taste something, that information goes to the thalamus. It then sends it to the important areas in the brain, including the amygdala and hippocampus.

正常情況下，當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到、看到、觸摸或品嘗某樣?xùn)|西時(shí)，這些信息會(huì)進(jìn)入丘腦。然后將其發(fā)送到大腦的重要區(qū)域，包括杏仁核和海馬體。

But it's a whole different ballgame with smells. They skip the thalamus and head right to the olfactory bulb, which helps the brain process odors. The olfactory bulb is directly connected to the amygdala and hippocampus, Curiosity points out.

但這是一場(chǎng)完全不同的關(guān)于氣味的比賽。它們跳過(guò)丘腦，直接進(jìn)入嗅球，幫助大腦處理氣味。好奇號(hào)指出，嗅球直接與杏仁核和海馬體相連。

This immediate link might explain why a smell can instantly trigger a vivid memory. Although humans are so visually oriented, it's interesting that smells would have such an impact in the brain.

這種直接的聯(lián)系也許可以解釋為什么一種氣味可以立即引發(fā)生動(dòng)的記憶。雖然人類是視覺(jué)導(dǎo)向的，但有趣的是氣味會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生如此大的影響。

Emotions, not memories

情緒,而不是記憶

If you experience it in an unfamiliar context, a familiar smell may trigger emotions, but not memories. (Photo: Kusmartsev Volodymyr/Shutterstock)

Interestingly, sometimes a smell will trigger strong emotions, but you may not actually recall the memory behind those feelings.

有趣的是，有時(shí)一種氣味會(huì)引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的情緒，但你可能并不記得這些情緒背后的記憶。

Sometimes the memory behind the emotional response never resurfaces. You just feel the feelings of whatever happened, but don't remember what you experienced, Rachel Herz, an adjunct assistant professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University in Rhode Island, tells LiveScience.

有時(shí)，情緒反應(yīng)背后的記憶永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)重現(xiàn)。你只是感覺(jué)到了所發(fā)生的一切，卻不記得你經(jīng)歷了什么。Rachel Herz是羅德島布朗大學(xué)精神病學(xué)和人類行為的副教授，她告訴LiveScience。

If you smell a long-lost scent when you're walking down the street and it's something you used to smell in your home growing up, for example, it will be difficult to place because you're experiencing it in a different situation. You'll still feel an emotional rush, but you might not have the associated memories.

比如，你在街上走的時(shí)候聞到一種久違的味道，而這種味道是你在家里長(zhǎng)大時(shí)聞到的，那么你就很難把它放在什么地方，因?yàn)槟闶窃谝粋€(gè)不同的環(huán)境中體驗(yàn)到的。你仍然會(huì)感到情緒激動(dòng)，但你可能沒(méi)有相關(guān)的記憶。

Words versus smells

詞匯和氣味

The smell of apple pie might instantly remind you of grandma, but the words don't have the same effect. (Photo: Brent Hofacker/Shutterstock)

Researchers have found that smells invoke more memories than the words that describe those smells. For example, the scent of a freshly baked apple pie might immediately zip you back to your grandmother's kitchen. But just hearing someone say "apple pie," might not give you the same trip down memory lane.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣味比描述氣味的詞匯更能喚起記憶。例如，新鮮出爐的蘋果派的香味可能會(huì)立刻把你拉回祖母的廚房。但是，僅僅聽(tīng)到有人說(shuō)“蘋果派”，可能不會(huì)給你同樣的回憶。

In one study published in the journal Neuropsychologia, researchers found that memories triggered by a scent resulted in much more activity in the brain's limbic system than memories accompanied by just a word without any accompanying smell. So, for example, people responded much more emphatically when they smelled a rose than when they just heard the word "rose."

在發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)心理學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，由氣味觸發(fā)的記憶在大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)中的活動(dòng)要比只伴隨著一個(gè)沒(méi)有任何氣味的單詞的記憶活躍得多。例如，當(dāng)人們聞到玫瑰時(shí)，他們的反應(yīng)要比聽(tīng)到“玫瑰”這個(gè)詞時(shí)強(qiáng)烈得多。

Merely hearing the word didn't conjure up the emotional response and memories as the immediate visceral reaction triggered by the scent.

僅僅是聽(tīng)到這個(gè)詞，并沒(méi)有像聞到氣味時(shí)立即的本能反應(yīng)那樣喚起情感反應(yīng)和記憶。

"Smells do bring back memories," Dr. Ken Heilman, professor of neurology and health psychology at the University of Florida, tells NBC News. "Smell goes into the emotional parts of the brain and the memory parts, whereas words go into thinking parts of the brain."

“氣味確實(shí)能喚起記憶，”佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)神經(jīng)學(xué)和健康心理學(xué)教授肯·海爾曼博士告訴NBC新聞。“嗅覺(jué)進(jìn)入大腦的情感部分和記憶部分，而語(yǔ)言則進(jìn)入大腦的思考部分。”