年輕的設(shè)計(jì)師從魚(yú)的排泄物和藻類(lèi)中創(chuàng)造出塑料替代品

年輕的設(shè)計(jì)師從魚(yú)的排泄物和藻類(lèi)中創(chuàng)造出塑料替代品

It hopefully will be used to wrap sandwiches or carry baked goods instead of the cling wraps and plastics now on the market. The winning design for this year's international James Dyson Award is a plastic alternative made out of fish waste.

它有望被用來(lái)包裝三明治或攜帶烘焙食品，而不是現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上的保鮮膜和塑料。今年國(guó)際詹姆斯戴森獎(jiǎng)的獲獎(jiǎng)設(shè)計(jì)是一種用魚(yú)廢料制成的塑料替代品。

Lucy Hughes took eight months to develop her award-winning MarinaTex material. (Photo: Dyson)

The material, called MarinaTex, was developed by Lucy Hughes, a 24-year-old product design graduate of the University of Sussex in the U.K.

這種名為MarinaTex的材料是由露西·休斯開(kāi)發(fā)的，她今年24歲，畢業(yè)于英國(guó)蘇塞克斯大學(xué)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)。

"I have two major inspirations behind the project," Hughes says. "The first being our over-dependency on plastic and the damage it has subsequently caused to the environment. The second inspiration was learning about the principles of the circular economy, and how there is a viable system available that is restorative and regenerative by design. This inspired me to value waste as a resource."

“在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目背后，我有兩個(gè)主要的靈感來(lái)源，”休斯說(shuō)。“首先是我們對(duì)塑料的過(guò)度依賴(lài)，以及隨之而來(lái)的對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞。第二個(gè)靈感是學(xué)習(xí)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的原理，以及如何有一個(gè)可行的系統(tǒng)可用，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)恢復(fù)和再生。這讓我意識(shí)到垃圾也是一種資源。”

The plastic could be used for the liner in bags for baked goods. (Photo: Dyson)

MarinaTex is made from organic fish waste that is destined for landfill and locally sourced red algae. It's flexible, strong and made in translucent sheets, making it ideal for single-use packaging. Unlike plastic, it fully biodegrades in home compost or recycling bins after four to six weeks without releasing any toxins into the environment.

MarinaTex是由有機(jī)魚(yú)廢料制成的，這些廢料將被填埋在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，并從當(dāng)?shù)氐募t藻中獲取養(yǎng)分。它的靈活性，強(qiáng)度和半透明的性質(zhì)，使其成為理想的一次性包裝。與塑料不同的是，它可以在家庭堆肥或回收箱中完全生物降解，4至6周后不會(huì)向環(huán)境釋放任何毒素。

Because there's so much waste from the fishing industry, the product helps "close the loop" of an existing waste stream. The product uses exoskeletons, fish skins and scales that contain strong and flexible protein structures, but are usually discarded. Hughes says that one Atlantic cod could generate enough organic waste to make 1,400 bags of MarinaTex.

由于捕魚(yú)業(yè)有太多的廢棄物，該產(chǎn)品有助于“關(guān)閉”現(xiàn)有的廢棄物流。該產(chǎn)品使用的是外骨骼、魚(yú)皮和鱗片，它們含有強(qiáng)壯而靈活的蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，但通常被丟棄。休斯說(shuō)，一條大西洋鱈魚(yú)產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)廢物足夠制造1400袋腌魚(yú)粉。

Solving the problems of tomorrow

解決明天的問(wèn)題

The material is made from fish waste and red algae. (Photo: Dyson)

To find a way for the proteins to bind together to create a new material, Hughes tried different materials. After more than 100 different experiments — most of which she performed on the kitchen stove in her student apartment — she settled on agar, a jelly-like substance that comes from some species of red algae. It took eight months of work and was her final project for her undergraduate degree.

為了找到一種讓蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合在一起形成新材料的方法，休斯嘗試了不同的材料。她做了100多個(gè)不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)，其中大部分是在學(xué)生公寓的廚房爐子上進(jìn)行的。這花了她8個(gè)月的時(shí)間，也是她本科學(xué)位的最后一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

“Plastic is an amazing material, and as a result, we have become too reliant on it as designers and engineers. It makes no sense to me that we’re using plastic, an incredibly durable material, for products that have a life-cycle of less than a day. For me, MarinaTex represents a commitment to material innovation and selection by incorporating sustainable, local and circular values into design."

“塑料是一種神奇的材料，因此，作為設(shè)計(jì)師和工程師，我們變得過(guò)于依賴(lài)它。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我們使用塑料是毫無(wú)意義的，塑料是一種非常耐用的材料，它的使用壽命不到一天。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，MarinaTex代表了對(duì)材料創(chuàng)新和選擇的承諾，將可持續(xù)的、局部的和循環(huán)的價(jià)值融入設(shè)計(jì)。”

With 27 nations competing, the foundation says 2019 saw the highest number of female entrants in the competition since it started in 2007.

該基金會(huì)表示，2019年有27個(gè)國(guó)家參賽，是自2007年以來(lái)女性參賽人數(shù)最多的一年。

“MarinaTex elegantly solves two problems: the ubiquity of single-use plastic and fish waste," founder Sir James Dyson says. "Further research and development will ensure that MarinaTex evolves further, and I hope it becomes part of a global answer to the abundance of single-use plastic waste.”

該公司創(chuàng)始人詹姆斯•戴森爵士表示:“MarinaTex優(yōu)雅地解決了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:普遍存在的一次性塑料制品和魚(yú)類(lèi)廢棄物。進(jìn)一步的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)將確保MarinaTex得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，我希望它能成為解決一次性塑料垃圾過(guò)剩問(wèn)題的全球方案的一部分。”