聯(lián)合國：全球扶貧取得意外進展

Up to 80 per cent of the world’s middle classes will live in developing countries by 2030 thanks to surprising recent gains in poverty reduction, according to a UN report published yesterday.

聯(lián)合國昨日發(fā)布的一份報告稱，由于最近幾年扶貧工作取得意外進展，到2030年全球至多80% 的中產階級將生活在發(fā)展中國家。

“Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast,” says the UN’s latest Development Report. “The world is witnessing an epochal ‘global rebalancing’.” This year’s report, launched in Mexico City, says higher economic growth in at least 40 developing countries has helped lift hundreds of millions of people from poverty, and pushed billions more into a new global middle class.

聯(lián)合國在最新的《人類發(fā)展報告》中表示：“歷史上從未有如此多人的生活條件和前景如此迅速地出現如此巨大的改變。世界正在見證一個劃時代的‘全球再平衡’”。在墨西哥城發(fā)布的《2013年人類發(fā)展報告》稱，至少40個發(fā)展中國家的較高經濟增長，已幫助數億人擺脫了貧困，并推動數十億人成為全球新的中產階級。

Underpinning the improvements in the human development index was rapid growth in countries such as China, India and Brazil, with China and India having doubled per capita economic output in less than 20 years. But the study stressed that growth and improvements in HDI spread far beyond the four Bric countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty reduction policies.

支持人類發(fā)展指數(HDI)取得進步的是中國、印度和巴西等國經濟的迅速增長，中國和印度的人均經濟產值在不到20年的時間里增長了一倍。但報告強調稱，人類發(fā)展指數的增長和進步遠遠不止巴西、俄羅斯、印度和中國這四個金磚國家，還有至少40個國家具有較高的經濟活力，并出臺了有效的扶貧政策。

Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Angola were among 14 countries that have recorded gains in HDI of more than 2 per cent a year since 2000. Partly as a result, the report found that extreme income poverty has plunged from 43 per cent in 1990 to just 22 per cent in 2008, including more than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone. The report said such gains had already helped the main poverty eradication goal of the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015, to be achieved.

自2000年以來，有14個國家的人類發(fā)展指數出現了每年逾2%的增長，其中包括阿富汗、塞拉利昂、埃塞俄比亞、盧旺達和安哥拉。報告發(fā)現，這在一定程度上導致極端收入貧困比例從1990年的43%降至2008年的僅有22%，其中僅中國一個國家就有逾5億人脫貧。報告稱，這種增長已經幫助聯(lián)合國實現了主要的消除貧困目標，即所謂的“千年發(fā)展目標”(MDG)。該目標呼吁從1990年到2015 年，每日生活費用低于1.25美元的人口比例減半。

Underpinning this poverty reduction was developing countries’ increasing share of global trade, which grew from 25 per cent to 47 per cent between 1980 and 2010. “The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and societal change for the first time in centuries,” says the report.

支持這種脫貧的是發(fā)展中國家在全球貿易中的份額日益增長——從1980年的25%增至2010 年的47%。報告稱：”整個南部地區(qū)正在推動全球經濟增長和社會改變，這在幾個世紀以來還是首次。“

It also found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion, increasing from less than 10 per cent of total global trade to more than 30 per cent.

報告還發(fā)現，發(fā)展中國家之間的貿易是上述貿易增長的最大因素——發(fā)展中國家之間的貿易占全球貿易總額的比重從不到10%增至逾30%。