六大因素左右你的從眾心理

從眾心理在人群中非常普遍。我們往往在不自覺(jué)中落入了與他人統(tǒng)一步調(diào)的行為。那么，這是人之常情還是別有它因？

下面的幾點(diǎn)是從眾心理背后的奧秘。

Group size
人群大小

One of the most important factors affecting whether or not people conform is the size of the group around them. Maximum conformity is seen when groups reach between 3 and 5 people. Add more people and it makes little difference, less than 3, though, and conformity is substantially reduced.

影響人們是否隨大流的最重要的因素之一是他們身邊的人群大小。最明顯的隨大流被發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人群數(shù)量達(dá)到3至5名時(shí)。增加更多的人對(duì)此影響不大，但是少于3個(gè)人，從眾心理明顯減少。

Dissent
反對(duì)的聲音

As soon as there's someone who disagrees, or even just dithers or can't decide, conformity is reduced. Some studies have found conformity can be reduced from highs of 97% on a visual judgement task down to only 36% when there is a competent dissenter in the ranks.
只要有人不同意，或者猶豫不決，或者下不了決心，從眾心理就會(huì)減少。一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)軍隊(duì)中擁有決定權(quán)的人反對(duì)時(shí)，即使是親眼所見(jiàn)，從眾的人也可能從97%的高點(diǎn)減少到36%。

Are they one of us?
他們跟我們是同一類人嗎？

People conform much more strongly to others who are in the same group as them. These influences are even stronger for attractive people who we like. Group size and dissent make little difference when the people themselves are not part of 'our' group. In fact we may even go out of our way to do the opposite of an outgroup.
人們更容易隨大流當(dāng)他們遇到跟自己是同一類人時(shí)。這些影響力對(duì)我們喜歡的有吸引力的人將更強(qiáng)烈。當(dāng)其他人不是我們同一類人時(shí)，人群大小和反對(duì)的聲音區(qū)別不大。事實(shí)上，我們更可能走相反的路，做非同一類人所做的相反的事。

Your mood
你的情緒

Moods can have complex effects on conformity, but there's some evidence that we're more likely to conform when we're in a good mood than a bad mood.
情緒在從眾心理上有復(fù)雜的影響，有證據(jù)顯示當(dāng)我們心情好時(shí)更可能隨大流，比我們心情壞時(shí)。

One dastardly emotional technique for increasing conformity is using fear-then-relief. Make someone afraid of something, then relieve that fear, then they're more likely to do what you want.
一種增加從眾幾率的惡毒的情緒控制方法就是運(yùn)用恐懼加撫慰。先使人害怕某種東西，然后撫慰這種恐懼，那么他們更容易做你所想的。

Need for structure
組織需求

While personality might not be as important as the situation in which people are put, it none the less has an effect. Some people have more of a 'need for structure' and consequently are more likely to conform.
個(gè)性也許不會(huì)像人們認(rèn)為的那樣重要，但仍然有影響。一些人有更多的“組織需求”，緊接著更有可能隨大流。

Authority
權(quán)威

When faced with an authority figure mere conformity can be transformed into obedience. Milgram's studies of obedience show that people will administer dangerous electric shocks if told to by a white-coated authority figure. People don't always blindly follow authority figures though, studies show a huge range in obedience, from 12% to 92% depending on the social context.
當(dāng)面對(duì)權(quán)威人物時(shí)，僅僅的從眾心理將會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉?。Milgram對(duì)服從的研究顯示，被一個(gè)位高權(quán)重的人訓(xùn)話時(shí)，人們將控制自身的不情愿。雖然人們不會(huì)盲目跟隨權(quán)威人物，研究顯示了大范圍的服從，根據(jù)社會(huì)地位不同范圍從12%到92%不等。