谷歌敗走中國(guó)

1. Google failed in China
1. 谷歌敗走中國(guó)

Google's China operations contribute a small fraction of the company's overall revenue - the company doesn't disclose the amount, but analysts estimate it was a few percent of its total $21.8 billion in 2008 revenue, or several hundred million dollars. But Google has made significant progress in China in recent years, raising its share of the Internet search market to roughly 36% in the fourth quarter of 2009 from 13% when it started its Chinese-language google.cn site in early 2006, according to data from research firm Analysys International.
谷歌的中國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)在其總收入中只占一小部分。公司不透露這方面的具體數(shù)額，據(jù)分析師估計(jì)，2008年在中國(guó)的收入只有數(shù)億美元，在218億美元的總收入中只占幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。但谷歌近年在中國(guó)取得了不小的進(jìn)步。研究公司易觀國(guó)際(Analysys International)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2009年第四季度，谷歌在中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索市場(chǎng)的份額已從2006年年初中文網(wǎng)站Google.cn上線時(shí)的13%上升到大約36%。 (來(lái)源：最老牌的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站 EnglishCN.com)

Many other foreign companies doing business in China would gladly forgo big profits in the short term for comparable market-share growth in China-especially in an industry where China has more users than any other country (384 million according to the latest statistics). Google has also been particularly popular among the highly sought-after demographic of young, educated, white-collar urban professionals. The company's powerful brand of business and ethics ('don't be evil) has also earned it a fair amount of good will among Chinese Internet users, many of whom are now mourning its (still uncertain) fate. While rival Baidu still has a much larger 58% share of the search market, its brand has suffered as a result of scandals involving paid results and allegations of censorship of sensitive news stories. (來(lái)源：英語(yǔ)交友 https://friends.englishcn.com)
很多在中國(guó)開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)的其他外資企業(yè)都樂(lè)于犧牲短期利潤(rùn)以換取在華市場(chǎng)份額的可觀增長(zhǎng)，尤其是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)，中國(guó)的用戶數(shù)量超過(guò)了任何其他國(guó)家（最新數(shù)據(jù)是3.84億人）。另外，在教育水平高的城市年輕白領(lǐng)專業(yè)人士這群受到激烈爭(zhēng)搶的用戶群中，谷歌也一直特別受歡迎。它強(qiáng)大的商業(yè)品牌和“不作惡”的價(jià)值觀同樣在中國(guó)網(wǎng)民中贏得了相當(dāng)?shù)暮酶?，很多網(wǎng)民為它尚不確定的未來(lái)而扼腕嘆息。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手百度在搜索市場(chǎng)占有58%的份額，遠(yuǎn)高于谷歌，但其品牌因競(jìng)價(jià)搜索丑聞和據(jù)稱對(duì)敏感新聞的審查而受損。

Google doesn't say if it's profitable in China, but there's certainly no reason to assume it's not. Baidu, its chief rival, reported net profit of about $153 million on revenue of $468 million for 2008, when it said it had 6,387 employees. Google's revenue would have perhaps half or two thirds that amount, but it likely has a much lower cost base in China than Baidu, since Google is believed to employ well under 1,000 employees in the country, and can use technology developed by its U.S. headquarters. 谷歌沒(méi)有公布其在中國(guó)盈利與否，但肯定沒(méi)有理由認(rèn)為它沒(méi)有盈利。谷歌的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手百度在2008年報(bào)告收入4.68億美元，凈利潤(rùn)約1.53億美元，據(jù)它稱，這一年雇有員工6,387人。谷歌當(dāng)年在中國(guó)的收入或許是百度的一半或三分之二，但它在中國(guó)的總成本可能要低很多，因?yàn)閾?jù)信谷歌在中國(guó)的員工遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足1000人，而且它可以使用美國(guó)總部開(kāi)發(fā)的技術(shù)。

2. Google.com is not accessible in China
2. Google.com在中國(guó)無(wú)法訪問(wèn)

Before Google introduced its China-specific search engine, Google.cn, in 2006, its global site Google.com was subject to periodic blocking in China. But for the last four years, Google.com has been almost always accessible to users in China.
谷歌2006年推出面向中國(guó)的搜索引擎Google.cn以前，其全球站點(diǎn)Google.com在中國(guó)時(shí)常被屏蔽。但過(guò)去四年，中國(guó)用戶基本上一直可以訪問(wèn)Google.com。 (來(lái)源：英語(yǔ)e問(wèn)e答 https://ask.englishcn.com)

However, the fact that Google.com can be accessed from China doesn't mean that Internet users can get to forbidden content listed in the site's search results. Links to sites

that are blocked in China will still return error messages or time out when they are clicked. (In contrast, Google's Chinese search engine, Google.cn, will filter out links to sites that don't comply with Chinese laws and regulations.)
不過(guò)，Google.com可以從中國(guó)訪問(wèn)，并不是說(shuō)用戶就可以進(jìn)入搜索結(jié)果中列出的敏感內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊通往被屏蔽網(wǎng)站的鏈接，仍然會(huì)返回錯(cuò)誤信息或出現(xiàn)訪問(wèn)中斷。（谷歌中文搜索引擎Google.cn則是過(guò)濾掉通往不符合中國(guó)法律法規(guī)的網(wǎng)站的鏈接。）

And of course, given the unpredictability of China's Web restrictions, there's no guarantee that Google.com will continue to be available to users inside China, at least not without 'scaling the wall.'
當(dāng)然，考慮到中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)管制的不可預(yù)測(cè)性，中國(guó)用戶能否繼續(xù)訪問(wèn)Google.com還很難說(shuō)，至少在不“翻墻”的情況下是無(wú)法保證的。 (來(lái)源：最老牌的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站 EnglishCN.com)

3. Google has Gmail servers in China
3. 谷歌在中國(guó)設(shè)有Gmail服務(wù)器

Some reports have said that the reason Chinese hackers were able to access Gmail accounts is that Google has email servers physically located in China. This is not the case. Google says it has no email servers in the country.
一些報(bào)道說(shuō)，中國(guó)黑客得以攻入Gmail賬戶是因?yàn)楣雀柙谥袊?guó)放有實(shí)體電子郵件服務(wù)器。事實(shí)并非如此。谷歌稱，它在中國(guó)沒(méi)有任何電子郵件服務(wù)器。

Indeed, Google has said keeping its servers out of China was a deliberate move to help protect user information. When the company announced its plans to launch google.cn in January 2006, executives said one of the safeguards it planned to use to protect user interests was that it wouldn't host user-generated content like email and blogs on servers in China. (來(lái)源：英語(yǔ)論壇 https://bbs.englishcn.com)
事實(shí)上谷歌曾表示，不把服務(wù)器放在中國(guó)是有意而為，目的是為了保護(hù)用戶信息。2006年1月宣布推出Google.cn的計(jì)劃時(shí)，谷歌的高管就曾表示，為了保護(hù)用戶利益而準(zhǔn)備采取的防護(hù)措施之一就是不在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的服務(wù)器上存放電子郵件和博客等用戶產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)容。

Google had reason to be careful. In 2005, there was widespread outcry among rights activists and the U.S. government after Yahoo turned over user information to the Chinese government, which was used as evidence to sentence journalist Shi Tao to 10 years in prison. Yahoo said that, because its Chinese mail servers were inside China, the company felt compelled to comply with the authorities' request.
谷歌小心行事并非無(wú)因。2005年，雅虎(Yahoo)因把用戶信息提交給中國(guó)政府、為記者師濤被判10年徒刑提供了證據(jù)，受到人權(quán)活動(dòng)人士和美國(guó)政府的普遍抗議。雅虎說(shuō)，由于中文郵件服務(wù)器放在了中國(guó)境內(nèi)，它覺(jué)得不得不服從當(dāng)局的要求。

4. Google.cn search results are already uncensored
4. Google.cn已經(jīng)不再審查搜索結(jié)果

After Tuesday's announcement, Web users ran amok on Google.cn, looking up sensitive terms such as '* 1989,' 'tank man,' and even 'sensitive words.' But many have been disappointed with the results, as searches for these terms still turned up the familiar disclaimer that 'in accordance with local laws and regulations, a portion of the search results are not displayed.'
上周二谷歌宣布可能退出中國(guó)后，網(wǎng)民大量涌向Google.cn，搜索“*1989”、“坦克人”甚至是“敏感詞”等敏感詞條。但很多人失望了，因?yàn)樗阉鬟@些詞條仍然會(huì)出現(xiàn)人們熟悉的免責(zé)聲明：“據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)胤煞ㄒ?guī)和政策，部分搜索結(jié)果未予顯示。”

Google says that it hasn't yet started to remove content filters on Google.cn, a process that could take weeks.
谷歌表示，它還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始撤銷Google.cn上的內(nèi)容過(guò)濾器，這個(gè)過(guò)程可能需要數(shù)周時(shí)間。

How to explain the images of tank man and links to sites about the Dalai Lama found via Google.cn? Many of the searches yielding fruitful results appear to have been conducted
in English, a trick that often turns up fuller results on Google.cn than a search for the same term in Chinese. (To see what we mean, compare these Google.cn results for 'Dalai Lama' in English and Chinese).
但通過(guò)Google.cn搜到的坦克人圖片和關(guān)于*的網(wǎng)站鏈接又作何解釋？很多產(chǎn)生豐富結(jié)果的搜索似乎都是用英文進(jìn)行的，這是一種搜索技巧，以此在Google.cn上搜索得到的結(jié)果常常比搜索相同中文詞條更加全面。（比較一下Google.cn上“Dalai Lama”和“*”的搜索結(jié)果就知道我們說(shuō)的是什么意思了。）

5. Google has identified Chinese dissidents as the targets of cyber attacks
5. 谷歌發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)異見(jiàn)人士是此次網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的目標(biāo)

Since Google revealed that it has been the target of cyber attacks, and that it had identified two Gmail accounts that had been compromised, a number of prominent Chinese activists have reported that their Gmail accounts have been hacked, in some cases repeatedly. Google says that these intrusions were not part of the larger, sophisticated attack on its security infrastructure, but likely the result of more pedestrian phishing scams or malware. 攻擊的一部分，而有可能是更為平常的釣魚(yú)式電子郵件或惡意軟件引起的。

6. Google has already shut down its business in China
6. 谷歌已關(guān)閉中國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)

On Friday, Ministry of Commerce spokesman Yao Jian said that neither MOC nor the Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce had received any information from Google about a planned withdrawal of its investment. A person close to Google also denied rumors that Google employees in China have ceased to report for work.
上周五，中國(guó)商務(wù)部發(fā)言人姚堅(jiān)表示，商務(wù)部和北京市商務(wù)委員會(huì)都沒(méi)有收到谷歌有關(guān)計(jì)劃撤出投資的任何信息。一位接近谷歌的人士也否認(rèn)了有關(guān)谷歌在華員工已停止報(bào)到的傳言。

自谷歌表示成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊目標(biāo)、并發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)Gmail賬戶被攻破以來(lái)，中國(guó)一些知名活動(dòng)人士反映他們的Gmail賬戶被黑，有些是被反復(fù)攻擊。谷歌表示，這些攻擊不屬于針對(duì)其安全基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)的整個(gè)高水平