世界大型企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)：發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家去年生產(chǎn)率下降

The output of employees in advanced economies fell last year for the first time in more than 40 years, as the global economic crisis played havoc with companies' production and employment plans.

去年，由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)和招募計(jì)劃造成了嚴(yán)重破壞，發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的勞動(dòng)力產(chǎn)出出現(xiàn)了40多年來(lái)首次下降。

Although global labour productivity took a dive, the trends were different either side of the Atlantic. US employers reacted to the recession by cutting jobs and keeping labour productivity rising, while European unemployment rose much less and productivity dived.

盡管全球勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率驟降，但大西洋兩岸的趨勢(shì)有所不同。美國(guó)雇主應(yīng)對(duì)衰退的措施是裁員，保持勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)，而歐洲失業(yè)率升幅相對(duì)低得多，但生產(chǎn)率大幅下降。

More worrying for rich economies is that rising living standards are likely to become harder to achieve in future because they have become less effective at harnessing labour, skills, machinery and technology and turning it into output.

更讓富裕經(jīng)濟(jì)體感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是，今后可能更難實(shí)現(xiàn)生活水平的提高，因?yàn)樗麄兝脛趧?dòng)力、技能、機(jī)械設(shè)備和科技，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)出的效能已有所降低。

The disturbing figures come in the annual report on productivity trends from the Conference Board, the global business organisation, which tracks output, employment and hours worked across the world.

這些令人不安的數(shù)字來(lái)自全球商業(yè)組織——世界大型企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)(Conference Board)發(fā)布的生產(chǎn)率趨勢(shì)年度報(bào)告。該機(jī)構(gòu)追蹤世界各地的產(chǎn)出、就業(yè)率和工時(shí)。

In contrast to the weaknesses in rich economies, emerging economies, led by China, can expect jobs, employment and productivity to continue to grow in 2010. “Emerging economies are becoming global competitors to be reckoned with on the basis of high productivity growth, not just because of low cost,” Mr van Ark said.

與富裕經(jīng)濟(jì)體的頹勢(shì)形成對(duì)比的是，2010年，以中國(guó)為首的新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的工作崗位數(shù)目、就業(yè)率和生產(chǎn)率預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。聯(lián)合會(huì)執(zhí)行董事巴特•凡•阿克(Bart van Ark)表示，“新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體正成為不可小覷的全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，不僅僅在于它們成本低廉，更由于它們的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)很快。”

Over the past decade, rich countries have watched their rates of total factor productivity growth decline and fall behind that of the emerging world, suggesting that unless employment, investment or skills rise faster, the sustainable rate of economic growth and living standards in rich countries has fallen.

過(guò)去10年，富國(guó)全要素生產(chǎn)率的增長(zhǎng)放緩，已落后于新興世界的增速。這表明，除非就業(yè)率、投資或勞動(dòng)者技能加大增速，否則富國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和生活水準(zhǔn)的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)率已有所下降。

At the same time as productivity was falling, figures from the UN yesterday showed that foreign direct investment also dropped by more than a third worldwide last year, as the effect of the recession combined with difficulties in funding cross-border operations.

在生產(chǎn)率下降的同時(shí)，聯(lián)合國(guó)昨日公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退與跨境業(yè)務(wù)融資難的雙重影響下，去年全球外國(guó)直接投資(FDI)也減少了三分之一以上。

FDI inflows fell from $1,697bn in 2008 to 1,040bn last year, a fall of 39 per cent. Among the leading recipients of FDI, China and the Netherlands were the only economies not to register a decline. The UN Conference on Trade and Development predicted a modest upturn in FDI this year.

去年，外國(guó)直接投資流入從2008年的1.697萬(wàn)億美元跌至1.04萬(wàn)億美元，降幅達(dá)39%。在主要的外國(guó)直接投資接收國(guó)中，僅有中國(guó)和荷蘭沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)下降。聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議(UN Conference on Trade and Development)預(yù)計(jì)，今年外國(guó)直接投資會(huì)有溫和回升。

譯者/陳云飛