2022年12月01日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：宗教團(tuán)體旨在重新定義與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、仇恨相關(guān)的符號(hào)

 

When Dr. Sheetal Deo celebrated the Hindu festival of lights called Diwali recently, she did not think it would be considered offensive. But she got a letter from officials at her building in New York City telling her to remove her Diwali decorations because it "had a swastika on it."
當(dāng) Sheetal Deo 博士最近慶祝名為排燈節(jié)的印度燈節(jié)時(shí)，她認(rèn)為這不會(huì)被視為冒犯。但她收到紐約市辦公樓官員的一封信，要求她取下她的排燈節(jié)裝飾品，因?yàn)樗?ldquo;上面有納粹標(biāo)志”。
 
The swastika is a cross with right angles at the ends. It is believed to have long been used as a symbol of peace and good luck in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist religions and several cultures.
納粹標(biāo)志是一個(gè)兩端呈直角的十字.據(jù)信，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，它在印度教、佛教和耆那教以及多種文化中被用作和平與好運(yùn)的象征。
 
In the West and Russia, however, the swastika, also called hakenkreuz, is linked to Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany. The symbol is also linked to the Holocaust in which millions of Jews and other people were killed during World War II. Groups tied to acts of hate have continued to use the swastika.
然而，在西方和俄羅斯，萬(wàn)字符，也稱(chēng)為 hakenkreuz，與阿道夫希特勒的納粹德國(guó)有關(guān)。該符號(hào)還與第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間數(shù)百萬(wàn)猶太人和其他人被殺的大屠殺有關(guān)。與仇恨行為相關(guān)的團(tuán)體繼續(xù)使用納粹黨徽。
 
However, the Associated Press (AP) reports that there has been a movement to reclaim the earlier meaning of the swastika in the past 10 years among Asian immigrants and Native Americans.
然而，美聯(lián)社 (AP) 報(bào)道稱(chēng)，在過(guò)去 10 年中，有一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)要求恢復(fù)納粹黨黨徽的早期含義亞洲移民和美洲原住民。
 
Deo said she believes these communities should not apologize for using their symbol because of its misuse in the past.
Deo 說(shuō)，她認(rèn)為這些社區(qū)不應(yīng)該因?yàn)檫^(guò)去濫用他們的標(biāo)志而道歉。
 
"To me, that's intolerable," Deo said.
“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這是無(wú)法容忍的，”Deo 說(shuō)。
 
But to many others, especially in the Jewish communities, giving the swastika a second chance is not possible.
但是許多其他人，尤其是在猶太社區(qū)，不可能再給萬(wàn)字符一次機(jī)會(huì)。
 
Shelley Rood Wernick is a director of the Jewish Federations of North America's Center on Holocaust Survivor Care. Wernick said Holocaust survivors could feel the horrors again when they see the symbol. She went on to say, "I recognize the swastika as a symbol of hate."
Shelley Rood Wernick 是北美猶太人聯(lián)合會(huì)大屠殺幸存者關(guān)懷中心的主任。沃尼克說(shuō)，當(dāng)大屠殺幸存者看到這個(gè)符號(hào)時(shí)，他們會(huì)再次感受到恐怖。她接著說(shuō)，“我認(rèn)為萬(wàn)字符是仇恨的象征。”
 
 
Steven Heller wrote a book called Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption? He said the swastika is an emotional symbol for so many whose loved ones were murdered. Heller's great-grandfather died during the Holocaust.
史蒂文·海勒 (Steven Heller) 寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)，書(shū)名是萬(wàn)字符：超越救贖的象征？他說(shuō)，對(duì)于許多親人被謀殺的人來(lái)說(shuō)，萬(wàn)字符是一種情感象征。海勒的曾祖父在大屠殺期間去世。
 
"A rose by any other name is a rose. In the end, it's how a symbol affects you visually and emotionally," Heller said.
“任何其他名字的玫瑰都是玫瑰。最終，這就是一個(gè)象征如何影響你的視覺(jué)和情感，”海勒說(shuō)。
 
The swastika's meaning in other cultures
萬(wàn)字符在其他文化中的含義
The swastika has been used since prehistoric times. The word itself has roots in Sanskrit, an ancient language, and means "the mark of well being."
萬(wàn)字符自史前時(shí)代就已被使用。這個(gè)詞本身起源于一種古老的語(yǔ)言梵語(yǔ)，意思是“幸福的標(biāo)志”。
 
In the religion of Jainism found in India, the swastika represents four kinds of births. In Buddhism, it is called "manji." It is often used to mark the place of Buddhist temples. And in China, it is called "Wàn."
在印度的耆那教中，萬(wàn)字符代表四種出生。在佛教中，它被稱(chēng)為“曼吉”。常用于標(biāo)示佛寺所在地。而在中國(guó)，它被稱(chēng)為“Wàn”。
 
The symbol is common in India. It is seen in doorways, on cars, and in other places. It is usually drawn with red and yellow colors.
這個(gè)符號(hào)在印度很常見(jiàn)。它出現(xiàn)在門(mén)口、汽車(chē)和其他地方。它通常用紅色和黃色繪制。
 
Vikas Jain is a doctor in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. He and his wife have had to hide images in their home with the symbol because when their children's friends visit "they wouldn't know the difference."
Vikas Jain 是俄亥俄州克利夫蘭市的一名醫(yī)生。他和他的妻子不得不將帶有這個(gè)符號(hào)的圖像隱藏在家里，因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們的孩子的朋友來(lái)訪時(shí)“他們不會(huì)知道其中的區(qū)別”。
 
The swastika was also an important symbol to many indigenous communities around the world. They can be found on objects dating back more than 10,000 years which now can be seen in the National Museum of the History of Ukraine.
對(duì)于許多土著社區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)，卍字也是一個(gè)重要的符號(hào)世界各地。它們可以在距今超過(guò) 10,000 年的物品上找到，這些物品現(xiàn)在可以在烏克蘭國(guó)家歷史博物館中看到。
 
In the early 1900s, Native American artists used it in their crafts, including silver work, clothes, and pottery. But after the Nazis used it, leaders of the Hopi, Navajo, Apache, and other tribes approved an agreement in 1940 to ban the symbol from use.
在 1900 年代初期，美國(guó)原住民藝術(shù)家將其用于手工藝品，包括銀制品、衣服和陶器。但在納粹使用它之后，霍皮人、納瓦霍人、阿帕奇人和其他部落的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在 1940 年批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)禁止使用該符號(hào)的協(xié)議。
 
Patricia Anne Davis is a member of the Choctaw and Dineh nations. She said it was a symbol of peace, healing, and goodness until the Nazis changed its meaning. She added that it is time to bring back the first meaning of the symbol.
帕特里夏·安妮·戴維斯是喬克托人和迪內(nèi)人的成員國(guó)家。她說(shuō)，在納粹改變其含義之前，它一直是和平、治愈和善良的象征。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在是恢復(fù)該符號(hào)最初含義的時(shí)候了。
 
Difference between swastika and hakenkreuz
萬(wàn)字符和哈肯克魯茲的區(qū)別
 
The Coalition of Hindus of North America is one of the groups aiming to separate the swastika from the Nazi's "cross" called hakenkreuz.
北美印度教徒聯(lián)盟是旨在將萬(wàn)字符與納粹“哈肯克魯茲”的“十字架”分開(kāi)的組織之一。
 
The group supports a new law in the state of California that makes it illegal to show the hakenkreuz in public. The law does not criminalize the swastika as a sacred symbol. However, it says both symbols are "swastikas."
該組織支持加利福尼亞州的一項(xiàng)新法律，該法律規(guī)定在公共場(chǎng)合展示 hakenkreuz 是非法的。法律并未將卍字作為神圣的象征定為犯罪。然而，它說(shuō)這兩個(gè)符號(hào)都是“萬(wàn)字符”。
 
Jeff Kelman is a Holocaust historian based in the state of New Hampshire. He believes the hakenkreuz and swastika can be separated. Kelman is presenting this idea to Jewish communities.
杰夫·凱爾曼 (Jeff Kelman) 是新罕布什爾州的一位大屠殺歷史學(xué)家。他認(rèn)為 hakenkreuz 和萬(wàn)字符可以分開(kāi)。凱爾曼正在向猶太社區(qū)介紹這個(gè)想法。
 
He is hopeful that the symbol can be redefined as a good thing because he sees his message being understood by so many people, including Holocaust survivors.
他希望這個(gè)符號(hào)可以被重新定義為一件好事，因?yàn)樗吹剿男畔⒈缓芏嗳死斫猓ù笸罋⑿掖嬲摺?br />  
"When they learn an Indian girl could be named Swastika and she could be harassed in school, they understand how they should see these as two separate symbols," Kelman said.
“當(dāng)他們了解到一個(gè)印度女孩可以被命名為卍字，她可能會(huì)在學(xué)校受到騷擾，他們明白應(yīng)該如何將這些視為兩個(gè)不同的符號(hào)，”凱爾曼說(shuō)。
 
Greta Elbogen is an 85-year-old Holocaust survivor. Members of her family were killed at - Auschwitz-Birkenau during World War II. She said that she was surprised to learn of the swastika's history.
Greta Elbogen 是一位 85 歲的大屠殺幸存者。二戰(zhàn)期間，她的家人在奧斯威辛-比克瑙集中營(yíng)被殺。她說(shuō)她很驚訝得知卍字的歷史。
Elbogen said this new information about the symbol means she does not fear the symbol that was used to frighten her.
Elbogen 說(shuō)關(guān)于這個(gè)符號(hào)的這個(gè)新信息意味著她不再害怕那個(gè)用來(lái)嚇唬她的符號(hào)。
 
"Hearing that the swastika is beautiful and sacred to so many people is a blessing. It's time to let go of the past and look to the future," Elbogen said.
“聽(tīng)到卍字對(duì)這么多人來(lái)說(shuō)既美麗又神圣是一種祝福。是時(shí)候放下過(guò)去，展望未來(lái)了，”Elbogen 說(shuō)。