2022年11月20日 VOA慢速英語：以色列在約旦河西岸使用機器人武器

 

In two areas in the occupied West Bank, Israel has put in robotic weapons that can fire tear gas, stun grenades, and sponge-tipped bullets at Palestinian protesters.
在被占領的約旦河西岸的兩個地區(qū)，以色列部署了可以向巴勒斯坦抗議者發(fā)射催淚彈、眩暈手榴彈和海綿頭子彈的機器人武器。
 
The weapons, located in the Al-Aroub refugee camp and the city of Hebron, use artificial intelligence to follow targets. Israel says the technology saves lives — both Israeli and Palestinian. But critics see moral or ethical problems with such weapons systems.
這些武器位于 Al-Aroub 難民營和希伯倫市，使用人工智能跟蹤目標。以色列說這項技術拯救了以色列人和巴勒斯坦人的生命。但批評者認為這種武器系統(tǒng)存在道德或倫理問題。
 
Tensions
緊張局勢
 
The robotic weapons systems come at a time of increased tensions in the occupied West Bank. Unrest has risen there during what has been the deadliest year since 2006.
機器人武器系統(tǒng)是在被占領的約旦河西岸緊張局勢加劇之際推出的。在自 2006 年以來死亡人數(shù)最多的一年里，那里的動蕩加劇了。
 
The victory by former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's alliance, which includes a party with close ties to the settler movement, has raised concerns of more violence.
前總理本雅明·內(nèi)塔尼亞胡的聯(lián)盟（其中包括一個與定居者運動關系密切的政黨）取得的勝利引發(fā)了人們對更多暴力事件的擔憂.
 
One of the weapon systems is located on a guard tower overlooking the Al-Aroub refugee camp in the southern West Bank. Witnesses say that when young Palestinian protesters enter the streets throwing stones and firebombs at Israeli soldiers, the weapons shoot tear gas or sponge-tipped bullets at them.
其中一個武器系統(tǒng)位于一座警衛(wèi)塔上，可以俯瞰西岸南部的 Al-Aroub 難民營。目擊者稱，當年輕的巴勒斯坦抗議者上街向以色列士兵投擲石塊和燃燒彈時，武器向他們發(fā)射催淚瓦斯或海綿頭子彈。
 
About a month ago, the military also placed the robots in the nearby city of Hebron, where soldiers often clash with stone-throwing Palestinians. The army declined to comment on its plans to deploy the system elsewhere in the West Bank.
大約一個月前，軍方還放置了機器人在附近的希伯倫市，那里的士兵經(jīng)常與投擲石塊的巴勒斯坦人發(fā)生沖突。軍方拒絕就其在約旦河西岸其他地方部署該系統(tǒng)的計劃發(fā)表評論。
 
Palestinian activist Issa Amro said Hebron residents fear the new weapon might be misused or hacked. He added that people also do not like what they say is a weapons test on civilians.
巴勒斯坦活動家伊薩·阿姆羅說，希伯倫居民擔心這種新武器可能會被濫用或遭到黑客攻擊。他補充說，人們也不喜歡他們所說的對平民進行的武器試驗。
 
"We are not a training and simulation for Israeli companies," he said. "This is something new that must be stopped."
“我們不是對以色列公司的培訓和模擬，”他說。 “這是必須停止的新事物。”
 
There are no soldiers next to the machines. Instead, the weapons are operated by remote control. At the touch of a button, soldiers inside a guard tower can fire at selected targets.
機器旁邊沒有士兵。相反，這些武器是通過遙控操作的。只需按一下按鈕，守衛(wèi)塔內(nèi)的士兵就可以向選定的目標開火。
 
The army says the system is under testing and fires only "non-lethal" weapons used for crowd control, such as sponge-tipped bullets and tear gas.
軍方表示該系統(tǒng)正在測試中，僅發(fā)射用于人群控制的“非致命”武器，例如海綿頭子彈和催淚瓦斯。
 
Around the world
在世界各地
 
Robotic weapons are increasingly common around the world. Militaries use drones to carry out lethal strikes in places like Ukraine and Ethiopia. Remote-controlled guns like the Israeli system in the West Bank have been used by the United States in Iraq, by South Korea along the border with North Korea, and by Syrian rebel groups.
機器人武器在世界范圍內(nèi)越來越普遍。軍方使用無人機在烏克蘭和埃塞俄比亞等地進行致命打擊。美國在伊拉克、與朝鮮接壤的韓國以及敘利亞叛亂組織都使用了像以色列在約旦河西岸的系統(tǒng)這樣的遙控槍。
 
Israel, known for its advanced military technologies, is among the world's top producers of drones capable of launching precision-guided missiles. It has built a fence along its border with the Gaza Strip equipped with radar and underground and underwater sensors. Above ground, it uses a robotic vehicle, equipped with cameras and machine guns, to patrol borders.
以色列以其先進的軍事技術而聞名，是世界上能夠發(fā)射精確制導導彈的無人機的最大生產(chǎn)國之一。它在與加沙地帶的邊界沿線建造了一道圍欄，配備了雷達以及地下和水下傳感器。在地面上，它使用配備攝像頭和機槍的機器人車輛在邊界巡邏。
 
"Israel is using technology as a means to control the civil population," said Dror Sadot, spokeswoman for Israeli rights group B'Tselem. She said that even supposedly non-lethal weapons like sponge bullets can cause extreme pain and even be deadly.
“以色列正在使用技術作為控制平民的手段，”以色列發(fā)言人 Dror Sadot 說權利組織 B'Tselem。她說，即使是海綿子彈這樣的非致命武器也會造成極度疼痛甚至致命。
 
The system in Al-Aroub was built by Smart Shooter, a company that makes "fire control systems" that it says "increase the accuracy, lethality, and situational awareness of small arms." The company has deals with many militaries around the world, including the U.S. Army.
Al-Aroub 的系統(tǒng)是由 Smart Shooter 建造的，該公司生產(chǎn)“火控系統(tǒng)”，據(jù)稱“可以提高小型武器的準確性、殺傷力和態(tài)勢感知能力”。該公司與包括美國陸軍在內(nèi)的世界各地的許多軍隊都有交易。
 
Speaking at the company's headquarters in Kibbutz Yagur in northern Israel, Chief Executive Michal Mor said the gun requires human selection of targets and military equipment.
在該公司位于以色列北部基布茲亞古爾的總部發(fā)表講話時，該公司首席執(zhí)行官邁克爾·莫爾 (Michal Mor) 表示，這種槍支需要人工選擇目標和軍隊設備。
 
"They always have a man ... making the decision regarding the legitimate target," she said.
“他們總是有一個人……就合法目標做出決定，”她說。
 
She said the system reduces injuries and deaths by distancing soldiers from violence and by making shots more accurate.
她說，該系統(tǒng)通過讓士兵遠離暴力并使射擊更準確來減少傷亡。
 
Unclear future
前途未卜
 
But Omar Shakir, the Israel and Palestine Director at Human Rights Watch, said Israel is on a "slide toward the digital dehumanization of weapons systems." By using such technologies, Shakir said Israel is creating "a powder keg for human rights abuse." A powder keg is a situation that is likely to become dangerous or violent.
但人權觀察組織以色列和巴勒斯坦事務主任奧馬爾·沙基爾表示，以色列正在“朝著武器系統(tǒng)數(shù)字化非人化的方向發(fā)展”。沙基爾說，通過使用此類技術，以色列正在制造“侵犯人權的火藥桶”?；鹚幫笆且环N可能變得危險或暴力的情況。
 
In Al-Aroub, residents say the machines fire without warning.
在 Al-Aroub，居民說機器在沒有警告的情況下開火。
 
"It is very fast, even faster than the soldiers," said Kamel Abu Hishesh, a 19-year-old student. He described almost nightly clashes where soldiers enter the camp as the automated gun fires tear gas.
“速度非?？?，甚至比士兵還快，”19 歲的學生 Kamel Abu Hishesh 說。他描述了幾乎每晚發(fā)生的沖突，士兵們在自動槍發(fā)射催淚瓦斯時進入營地。
 
Paul Scharre of the Center for a New American Security is a former U.S. Army shooting expert. He said that without emotion and with a better aim, automated systems can possibly reduce violence.
新美國安全中心的保羅·沙爾 (Paul Scharre) 是前美國陸軍射擊專家。他說，沒有情感和更好的目標，自動化系統(tǒng)可能會減少暴力。
 
But he said the absence of international rules for "killer robots" is a problem. Otherwise, he said, it is only a matter of time before these weapons systems are equipped to use deadly force.
但他表示，缺乏針對“殺手機器人”的國際規(guī)則是一個問題。否則，他說，這些武器系統(tǒng)配備使用致命武力只是時間問題。