2022年11月01日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)；俄羅斯暫停烏克蘭糧食交易可能意味著什么

 
Russia announced over the weekend it was suspending its part of a deal permitting Ukraine to ship grain from Black Sea ports.
俄羅斯周末宣布，將暫停其允許烏克蘭從黑海港口運(yùn)送糧食的協(xié)議的一部分。
 
Russia and Ukraine reached the deal in July after negotiations involving the United Nations and Turkey. Russia agreed to remove a blockade on Black Sea ports for shipments of grain, one of Ukraine's most important export products.
在聯(lián)合國(guó)和土耳其的談判后，俄羅斯和烏克蘭于 7 月達(dá)成協(xié)議。俄羅斯同意解除對(duì)黑海港口對(duì)谷物運(yùn)輸?shù)姆怄i，谷物是烏克蘭最重要的出口產(chǎn)品之一。
 
So far, the deal has permitted more than 9 million tons of grain in 397 ships to safely leave Ukrainian ports.
到目前為止，該協(xié)議已允許 397 艘船舶中超過(guò) 900 萬(wàn)噸的糧食安全離開(kāi)烏克蘭港口。
 
But Russia said Saturday it was ending its involvement in the deal. Russia made the announcement after accusing Ukraine of launching a drone attack against Russia's Black Sea Fleet off the coast of Russian occupied Crimea.
但俄羅斯周六表示，將停止參與該交易。俄羅斯在指責(zé)烏克蘭在俄羅斯占領(lǐng)的克里米亞海岸對(duì)俄羅斯黑海艦隊(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)無(wú)人機(jī)襲擊后宣布了這一消息。
 
Even after Russia's announced suspension, however, Ukraine said on Monday more than 12 ships carrying grain had sailed from Black Sea ports. Ukraine had said earlier that more than 200 fully loaded ships had been blocked from leaving the ports.
然而，即使在俄羅斯宣布停產(chǎn)后，烏克蘭周一表示，已有超過(guò) 12 艘運(yùn)載糧食的船只從黑海港口啟航。烏克蘭早些時(shí)候曾表示，超過(guò)200艘滿載船只被阻止離開(kāi)港口。
 
The grain exports are important because Russia and Ukraine are major suppliers of wheat and other food products to many parts of the world. This includes Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia where many people are already struggling with hunger.
谷物出口很重要，因?yàn)槎砹_斯和烏克蘭是世界許多地區(qū)小麥和其他食品的主要供應(yīng)商。這包括非洲、中東和許多人已經(jīng)在與饑餓作斗爭(zhēng)的亞洲部分地區(qū)。
 
Experts say it remains unclear how many shippers would choose to take the risk of sailing with Russia's protection. So what could Russia's decision mean for a world increasingly worried about food security and high food prices?
專家表示，目前尚不清楚有多少托運(yùn)人會(huì)選擇冒險(xiǎn)在俄羅斯的保護(hù)下航行。那么，對(duì)于一個(gè)越來(lái)越擔(dān)心糧食安全和高糧價(jià)的世界來(lái)說(shuō)，俄羅斯的決定意味著什么呢？
 
What has the deal resulted in?
這筆交易的結(jié)果是什么？
 
Before the grain deal was completed, the United States and European partners accused Russia of starving vulnerable parts of the world by blocking grain exports.
在糧食交易完成之前，美國(guó)和歐洲伙伴指責(zé)俄羅斯通過(guò)阻止糧食出口使世界脆弱地區(qū)挨餓。
 
Since the deal, Russian President Vladimir Putin has said most of the exported grain was going to Europe instead of the world's hungriest nations.
自從達(dá)成協(xié)議以來(lái)，俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾·普京表示，大部分出口的谷物都流向了歐洲，而不是世界上最饑餓的國(guó)家。
 
However, the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development said in a report last week that wheat is mostly going to developing countries. The organization said nearly 20 percent of exported wheat has gone to the least developed countries.
然而，聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議上周在一份報(bào)告中表示，小麥主要銷往發(fā)展中國(guó)家。該組織表示，近 20% 的出口小麥流向了最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
 
Ukrainian officials have said more than 5 million tons have been exported to African and Asian nations. Ukraine says 190,000 tons of wheat have been sent to countries struggling with hunger that receive support from the United Nations World Food Program. A ship carrying 30,000 tons of wheat for Ethiopia under the U.N. program sailed Monday, Ukrainian officials said.
烏克蘭官員表示，已向非洲和亞洲國(guó)家出口了超過(guò) 500 萬(wàn)噸。烏克蘭表示，已向聯(lián)合國(guó)世界糧食計(jì)劃署支持的饑餓國(guó)家運(yùn)送了 190,000 噸小麥。烏克蘭官員說(shuō)，一艘根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)計(jì)劃為埃塞俄比亞運(yùn)送 30,000 噸小麥的船于周一啟航。
 
What happens now?
現(xiàn)在會(huì)發(fā)生什么？
 
Russia has requested a meeting of the U.N. Security Council to discuss the issue. It also offered to supply up to 500,000 tons of grain "to the poorest countries free of charge in the next four months."
俄羅斯已要求聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)召開(kāi)會(huì)議討論這一問(wèn)題。它還提出“在未來(lái)四個(gè)月內(nèi)免費(fèi)向最貧窮的國(guó)家”提供多達(dá) 50 萬(wàn)噸的糧食。
 
Economic restrictions on Russia do not affect its grain exports. And a deal reached after Russia's invasion of Ukraine was meant to clear the way for food and fertilizer shipments. But some businesses and banks have been unwilling to ship because they fear it could violate international rules.
對(duì)俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)限制并不影響其糧食出口。俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭后達(dá)成的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議旨在為食品和化肥運(yùn)輸掃清道路。但一些企業(yè)和銀行一直不愿發(fā)貨，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心這可能違反國(guó)際規(guī)則。
 
Ukraine, the United States and allies are again accusing Russia of playing "hunger games" with the world.
烏克蘭、美國(guó)和盟國(guó)再次指責(zé)俄羅斯與世界玩“饑餓游戲”。
 
Joseph Glauber is senior researcher at the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington. He told the AP that developing nations will have to find new suppliers and pay more from countries such as the U.S., Argentina and Australia, where dry conditions or rain are creating agricultural problems.
Joseph Glauber 是華盛頓國(guó)際糧食政策研究所的高級(jí)研究員。他告訴美聯(lián)社，發(fā)展中國(guó)家將不得不從美國(guó)、阿根廷和澳大利亞等國(guó)家尋找新的供應(yīng)商并支付更多費(fèi)用，這些國(guó)家的干旱或降雨正在造成農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題。
 
"What the world needs are some really big crops," Glauber said. And with Ukraine usually providing about 10 percent of world wheat exports, "that's a big hole to build," he added.
“世界需要一些非常大的作物，”格勞伯說(shuō)。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，烏克蘭通常提供約 10% 的世界小麥出口，“這是一個(gè)很大的漏洞。”