2022年10月30日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：保水技術(shù)促進(jìn)非洲作物生長(zhǎng)

 

Increasingly severe droughts in Africa make it very hard to grow food, especially in the dryer areas of the continent. But a water system developed in the United States is helping improve crop production in drought-affected areas.
非洲日益嚴(yán)重的干旱使糧食種植變得非常困難，尤其是在非洲大陸的干旱地區(qū)。但美國(guó)開發(fā)的供水系統(tǒng)正在幫助改善受干旱影響地區(qū)的作物產(chǎn)量。
 
The system involves plastic membranes that look like clear covers. When put in the ground, they prevent the loss of water and other healthful substances from the soil.
該系統(tǒng)涉及看起來像透明覆蓋物的塑料膜。當(dāng)放入地下時(shí)，它們可以防止土壤中的水分和其他健康物質(zhì)流失。
 
The technology has so far been tested in Zimbabwe and Kenya and has been performing well.
迄今為止，該技術(shù)已在津巴布韋和肯尼亞進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，并且表現(xiàn)良好。
 
In the village of Ulilinzi of southeastern Kenya, the sandy soil has made it nearly impossible to produce a lot of crops. The problem is made worse by droughts. But the new water retention technology is giving farmers here new hope.
在肯尼亞東南部的 Ulilinzi 村，沙質(zhì)土壤幾乎不可能大量生產(chǎn)農(nóng)作物。干旱使問題更加嚴(yán)重。但新的保水技術(shù)給這里的農(nóng)民帶來了新的希望。
 
Alvin Smucker is a professor of soil biophysics at Michigan State University. He developed the water system.
Alvin Smucker 是密歇根州立大學(xué)土壤生物物理學(xué)教授。他開發(fā)了水系統(tǒng)。
 
"We had a lot of government funding, going into millions and millions of dollars to put all these systems together and then test it in Texas, Arizona, California and Michigan," he said.
“我們有大量的政府資金，投入數(shù)百萬美元將所有這些系統(tǒng)放在一起，然后在德克薩斯州、亞利桑那州、加利福尼亞州和密歇根州進(jìn)行測(cè)試，”他說。
 
"This is not something that we just put a little container in the backyard — my backyard — and now we are saying it is the best in the world. It has been tested," he said.
“這不是我們只是在后院——我的后院——放一個(gè)小容器的東西，現(xiàn)在我們說它是世界上最好的。它已經(jīng)過測(cè)試，”他說。
 
Shem Kuyah is a researcher at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. He is one of the scientists leading the testing of the technology in Kenya. He said the membranes were tested on farms that grow cowpeas and corn.
Shem Kuyah 是喬莫肯雅塔農(nóng)業(yè)科技大學(xué)的研究員。他是在肯尼亞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該技術(shù)測(cè)試的科學(xué)家之一。他說，這些膜在種植豇豆和玉米的農(nóng)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。
 
"We realized that farms where we had installed these membranes were more productive," he said.
“我們意識(shí)到我們安裝了這些膜的農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)力更高，”他說。
 
Florence Mutisya is a farmer there. She has tried the technology at her farm.
Florence Mutisya 是那里的農(nóng)民。她已經(jīng)在她的農(nóng)場(chǎng)嘗試過這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。
 
"I saw the benefits," she said. "And I can say that this technology is working very well because now, I get [a] good harvest."
“我看到了好處，”她說。“而且我可以說這項(xiàng)技術(shù)運(yùn)行良好，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在，我得到了 [a] 豐收。”
 
Ulilinzi farmer Anne Mutunga agrees.
Ulilinzi 的農(nóng)民 Anne Mutunga 對(duì)此表示贊同。
 
"The technology is very good," she said, adding, "we have vegetables which you can't find anywhere else around here."
“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)非常好，”她說，并補(bǔ)充說，“我們有蔬菜，你在這里其他任何地方都找不到。”
 
Sylvia Nyawira is a researcher at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, one of the organizations leading testing in the sub-Saharan area. She said the retention technology could help crop growth over a long time period.
Sylvia Nyawira 是國(guó)際熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)中心的研究員，該中心是在撒哈拉以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行測(cè)試的組織之一。她說，保留技術(shù)可以幫助作物在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)。
 
"If farmers continue to retain their crop residues in the soil…there's buildup of organic matter," she said. "So, even in five years to come, the yields that we have been witnessing in plots that have the technology are expected to be much higher."
“如果農(nóng)民繼續(xù)將他們的作物殘留物保留在土壤中……有機(jī)物就會(huì)堆積起來，”她說。 “因此，即使在未來五年內(nèi)，我們?cè)趽碛性摷夹g(shù)的地塊中看到的產(chǎn)量預(yù)計(jì)也會(huì)更高。”
 
Apart from improving crop production, experts say the technology can also help reduce the effects of climate change.
除了提高作物產(chǎn)量外，該技術(shù)還可以幫助專家減少氣候變化的影響。
 
"As you increase productivity, the crops are able to take carbon from the atmosphere and fix it into their biomass," Kuyah said. "You are able to lock it into the soil."
“當(dāng)你提高生產(chǎn)力時(shí)，作物能夠從大氣中吸收碳并將其固定到它們的生物質(zhì)中，”庫(kù)亞說。 “你可以把它鎖在土里。”
 
However, the new water retention technology has a high cost and requires a lot of labor. It costs as much as $2,000 to buy the membranes to cover one hectare of land.
然而，新的保水技術(shù)成本高，需要大量的勞動(dòng)力。購(gòu)買膜覆蓋一公頃土地的成本高達(dá) 2,000 美元。