1 cost 作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),表示某物“值(多少錢(qián)),花費(fèi)(多少錢(qián))”,主語(yǔ)必須是物,通常是所買(mǎi)的東西或代詞it,不能是人。cost 后可跟錢(qián)數(shù),也可跟雙賓語(yǔ),意為“某物花某人多少錢(qián)”。cost 的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是cost。
The house costs a lot of money. 這所房子值許多錢(qián)。
The dictionary cost her 100 yuan . 這本詞典花了她100元。(跟雙賓語(yǔ) )
How much does it cost ? (正)它值多少錢(qián) ?
How much money does it cost ? (正)
How many does it cost ? (誤)
2 spend 指人“花費(fèi)”,表示某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)在某物上,或者某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事,spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人,不能是物。spend 后不可跟不定式,正確結(jié)構(gòu)是:
(人 ) spend+錢(qián)或時(shí)間 +on sth. →在某物上花錢(qián)或時(shí)間
(人 ) spend+錢(qián)或時(shí)間 +(in) doing sth.→花錢(qián)或時(shí)間做某事
She spent a lot of money on books. (正)她花了大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)書(shū) 。
She spent a lot of money in buying books. (正)
She spent a lot of money to buy books. (誤)
他昨晚花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè) 。
He spent two hours on his homework last night. (正)
He spent two hours in doing his homework last night. (正)
He spent two hours to do his homework last night. (誤)
I spent two weeks in reading the book. 我花了2個(gè)星期讀這本書(shū)。
3 take 指某物花費(fèi)或需要多少時(shí)間,也指做某事花費(fèi)或需要多少時(shí)間,主語(yǔ)不能是人,一般用it作形式主語(yǔ),代替后面的真正主語(yǔ)不定式,結(jié)構(gòu)為:
it+take+sb.+一段時(shí)間 +to do sth.→做某事花某人多少時(shí)間 (it作形式主語(yǔ) )
to do sth.+take+sb.+一段時(shí)間 (不定式直接作主語(yǔ) )
doing sth.+take+sb.+一段時(shí)間 (動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) )
寫(xiě)這封信花了我半個(gè)小時(shí) 。
It took me half an hour to write the letter. (正)
To write the letter took me half an hour. (正)
Writing the letter took me half an hour. (正)
她步行到學(xué)校要花20分鐘 。
It takes her twenty minutes to go to school on foot. (正)
To go to school on foot takes her twenty minutes. (正)
Going to school on foot takes her twenty minutes. (正)
She takes twenty minutes to go to school on foot. (誤)
4 pay 意為“付款”,用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),它的賓語(yǔ)必須是人或錢(qián),而不能是購(gòu)買(mǎi)的物品。如果要跟購(gòu)買(mǎi)的物品,須用pay for 。結(jié)構(gòu)為:
pay+sb.→付某人錢(qián)
pay+錢(qián)數(shù)→付多少錢(qián)
pay+sb.+錢(qián)數(shù)→付某人多少錢(qián)
pay for+買(mǎi)的物品→為購(gòu)買(mǎi)的物品付款
pay+錢(qián)數(shù) +for+買(mǎi)的物品→為某物品付多少錢(qián)
I haven't paid the doctor yet. 我還沒(méi)有付款給大夫。(pay+sb.)
Did you pay the bill? 你付賬了嗎?(pay+錢(qián) )
I have paid her 500 yuan. 我付了她500元。(pay+sb.+錢(qián) )
I have paid for the coat. 這件上衣我已付了款。(pay for+購(gòu)買(mǎi)物 )
He paid 50 yuan for the ticket. 他買(mǎi)那張票付了50元。(pay+錢(qián)+for sth. )
She paid him 10 dollars for the shirt. 她付給他10美元買(mǎi)了一件襯衫。(pay+sb.+錢(qián)+for sth. )
Did you pay for the pen? (正)這支鋼筆你付錢(qián)了嗎 ?
Did you pay the pen? (誤)
提示
pay還可以用作名詞,意為“工資”。
We get our pay at the end of each month. 我們每月底領(lǐng)工資。
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