演講MP3+雙語文稿:氣候變化將使數(shù)百萬人流離失所

聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:氣候變化將使數(shù)百萬人流離失所，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

【演講者及介紹】Colette Pichon Battle

Colette Pichon Battle是一個(gè)土生土長(zhǎng)的路易斯安那州人，她與那些在泥地里挖洞的東西有著很深的聯(lián)系，她為推動(dòng)處于對(duì)抗氣候變化第一線的社區(qū)的人權(quán)而戰(zhàn)。

【演講主題】氣候變化將使數(shù)百萬人流離失所，這是我們的準(zhǔn)備方式

Climate change will displace millions. Here's how we prepare

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者Haylin Qin 校對(duì)者 Yolanda Zhang

00:13

It was about two years after Hurricane Katrina that I first saw the Louisiana flood maps. These flood maps are used to show land loss in the past and land loss that is to come. On this particular day, at a community meeting, these maps were used to explain how a 30-foot tidal surge that accompanied Hurricane Katrina could flood communities like mine in south Louisiana and communities across the Mississippi and Alabama coast. It turns out that the land we were losing was our buffer from the sea. I volunteered to interact with the graphics on the wall, and in an instant my life changed for the second time in two years. The graphic showed massive land loss in south Louisiana and an encroaching sea, but more specifically, the graphic showed the disappearance of my community and many other communities before the end of the century.

我第一次看到 路易斯安娜州洪水地圖時(shí)，卡特里娜颶風(fēng)”已經(jīng)過去兩年了。 這些洪水地圖用來 顯示過去的土地流失 和即將到來的土地流失。 在這個(gè)特別的日子舉辦的 一個(gè)社區(qū)會(huì)議上， 這些地圖被用來闡釋 一個(gè)伴隨著卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的 30英尺高的潮汐波浪 會(huì)如何淹沒路易斯安娜州 南部的社區(qū)， 以及密西西比州和 阿拉巴馬州海岸的社區(qū)。事實(shí)上，地圖中這片正在流失的土地 是海洋與陸地之間的緩沖帶。 我自愿去參與繪制墻上的這些圖像， 在那一刻，我的生活發(fā)生了 兩年來的第二次變化。 圖像顯示了在路易斯安那州 南部的大面積土地流失 以及漸漸滲入的海水， 但是也更具體的 顯示了我生活的社區(qū) 以及本世紀(jì)末之前建立的 許多其他社區(qū)的消失。

01:16

I wasn't alone at the front of the room. I was standing there with other members of south Louisiana's communities -- black, Native, poor. We thought we were just bound by temporary disaster recovery, but we found that we were now bound by the impossible task of ensuring that our communities would not be erased by sea level rise due to climate change. Friends, neighbors, family, my community: I just assumed it would always be there. Land, trees, marsh, bayous: I just assumed that it would be there as it had been for thousands of years. I was wrong.

屋子里并不是只有我一個(gè)人。其它來自路易斯安娜州南部社區(qū)的 成員們和我一起站在那里—— 黑人，當(dāng)?shù)厝?，窮人。 我們以為我們只是因?yàn)槎虝旱?災(zāi)難恢復(fù)而連結(jié)在一起， 但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們現(xiàn)在是為了 一個(gè)不可能完成的任務(wù)而站在一起， 為了保證我們的社區(qū)將來不會(huì) 被因氣候變化導(dǎo)致的 海平面上升而淹沒消失。 朋友，鄰居，家庭，我的社區(qū)： 我曾以為他們一直都在那里。 土地，樹木，沼澤，河流： 我曾以為它們會(huì)像幾千年 以來那樣一直在那里。 但是我錯(cuò)了。

02:03

To understand what was happening to my community, I had to talk to other communities around the globe. I started in south Louisiana with the United Houma Nation. I talked to youth advocates in Shishmaref, Alaska. I talked to fisherwomen in coastal Vietnam, justice fighters in Fiji, new generations of leaders in the ancient cultures of the Torres Straits. Communities that had been here for thousands of years were suffering the same fate, and we were all contemplating how we would survive the next 50.

為了弄清楚我的社區(qū) 正在發(fā)生的事情， 我必須和全球的其它社區(qū)進(jìn)行交流。 我從路易斯安那州南部的 霍馬民族聯(lián)盟開始。 我在阿拉斯加的希什馬廖夫 與青年倡導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行了交談。 我交談與越南沿海的漁民， 斐濟(jì)的正義戰(zhàn)士，以及托雷斯海峽古文化中的新生代的領(lǐng)袖。 這些社區(qū)生活在這里已經(jīng)有上千年的歷史了， 他們正在遭遇同樣的命運(yùn)， 所以我們都在思考未來 50 年 我們將怎樣生存下去。

02:39

By the end of the next century, it's predicted that more than 180 million people will be displaced due to climate change, and in south Louisiana, those who can afford to do so are already moving. They're moving because south Louisiana is losing land at one of the fastest rates on the planet. Disappearance is what my bayou community has in common with other coastal communities. Erasure is what communities around the globe are fighting as we get real about the impacts of climate change.

到下一個(gè)世紀(jì)末，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，超過 1.8 億人 將會(huì)因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓麟x失所，而且在南路易斯安那州，那些有能力的人已經(jīng)在搬家。 他們搬家的原因是， 南路易斯安那州的土地 是這個(gè)星球上土地銳減率 最快的地方之一。 消失是河口社區(qū) 與其他沿海社區(qū)的共同點(diǎn)。 當(dāng)我們對(duì)氣候變化的影響有所了解時(shí)， 全球各地的社區(qū)就開始了 對(duì)抗消失的行動(dòng)。

03:13

I've spent the last 14 years advocating on behalf of communities that have been directly impacted by the climate crisis. These communities are fighting discrimination within climate disaster recovery, and they're also trying to balance mass displacement of people with an influx of others who see opportunity in starting anew. Since 2005, people have been called "refugees" when they leave when they're displaced by climate disaster, even when they don't cross international borders. These terms, these misused terms, that are meant to identify the other, the victim, the person who is not supposed to be here, these terms are barriers to economic recovery, to social integration and to the healing required from the climate crisis and climate trauma. Words matter. It also matters how we treat people who are crossing borders. We should care about how people who are crossing borders today to seek refuge and safety are being treated, if for no other reason than it might be you or someone you love who needs to exercise their human right to migrate in the nearby future.

我在過去 14 年中，一直在代表那些受氣候惡化直接 影響的社區(qū)發(fā)聲。這些社區(qū)正在與 氣候?yàn)?zāi)難后的歧視做斗爭(zhēng)，而且他們正在平衡 大量流離失所的人口 和開始涌入的 看到重生機(jī)遇的人口。 從 2005 年開始，那些因?yàn)闅夂驗(yàn)?zāi)難而背井離鄉(xiāng)的人被稱為“難民”，即使他們沒有跨越國(guó)界。這些術(shù)語，這些被誤用的術(shù)語，是用來識(shí)別其他的， 受害者， 一個(gè)在這個(gè)地方不被接受的人， 這些術(shù)語是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、社會(huì)融合以及從氣候危機(jī)和氣候創(chuàng)傷中恢復(fù)所需的障礙。文字很重要， 我們?nèi)绾稳ソ缍?那些跨越邊境的人也很重要。 我們應(yīng)該去關(guān)心那些今天越過 邊境線去尋找避風(fēng)港和安居地的人 是怎樣被安頓的，如果不是因?yàn)閯e的原因，而是因?yàn)槟慊蚰銗鄣娜诵枰惺顾麄兊娜藱?quán)，以便在不遠(yuǎn)的將來移民。

04:33

We must start preparing for global migration today. It's a reality now. Our cities and our communities are not prepared. In fact, our economic system and our social systems are only prepared to make profit off of people who migrate. This will cause rounds of climate gentrification, and it will also penalize the movement of people, usually through exploited labor and usually through criminalization. Climate gentrification that happens in anticipation of sea level rise is what we're seeing in places like Miami, where communities that were kept from the waterfront are now being priced out of the high ground where they were placed originally as people move away from the coast. These folks are being moved, forced to relocate away from the social and economic systems that they need to survive.

如今，我們必須為 全球移民做好準(zhǔn)備。是時(shí)候面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)了。我們的國(guó)家，我們的社區(qū)都還沒準(zhǔn)備好。事實(shí)上，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)、社會(huì)系統(tǒng) 只準(zhǔn)備好了從移民中獲利。 這將導(dǎo)致一輪又一輪的氣候士紳化，也會(huì)對(duì)人員流動(dòng)造成不利影響，這些影響往往通過剝削勞工 和刑事犯罪來體現(xiàn)。氣候士紳化是在海平面上升的預(yù)期下發(fā)生的，就像我們?cè)谶~阿密這樣的地方看到的，在那里，原本遠(yuǎn)離海濱的社區(qū)，隨著人們搬離海岸，現(xiàn)在被高昂的房?jī)r(jià) 趕出了原來的位置。 這些人們被迫搬家， 被迫重新從他們賴以生存的 社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)體系搬走。

05:30

Climate gentrification also happens in the aftermath of climate disaster. When massive amounts of people leave a location for an indefinite amount of time, we see others come in. We also see climate gentrification happen when damaged homes are now "green built," but now have a higher value, generally outside of the reach of black and brown and poor people who want to return home. The price difference in rents or the ownership of a house is the difference between being able to practice your right, your human right to return home as a community, or be forced to resettle somewhere else less climate resilient, less expensive and alone.

氣候士紳化也會(huì) 在氣候?yàn)?zāi)難余波中出現(xiàn)。 當(dāng)大量的人員在一定時(shí)間內(nèi) 離開某個(gè)地方， 我們會(huì)看到有其他人涌入。 我們也看到了 當(dāng)被毀的家園經(jīng)過翻新 而市值升高，就會(huì)發(fā)生氣候鄉(xiāng)紳化，一般都超出了黑人、棕種人和想要回家的窮人的承受范圍。租金或者房屋所有權(quán)的差價(jià)決定了你是否能夠行使 以社區(qū)的身份返回家園的人權(quán)， 還是只能被迫搬到 氣候更差的， 更便宜的 隔絕之地。

06:18

The climate crisis is a much larger conversation than reducing CO2 emissions, and it is a much different conversation than just extreme weather. We're facing a shift in every aspect of our global reality. And climate migration is just one small part, but it's going to have ripple effects in both coastal cities and cities in the interior.

比起減少二氧化碳排放，氣候危機(jī)問題的范圍要大得多， 極端天氣不能與之相提并論。我們正面臨著全球現(xiàn)實(shí)問題的 各個(gè)方面都在轉(zhuǎn)變的階段。而氣候移民只是一小部分罷了， 但是它將會(huì)帶來連鎖反應(yīng)，無論是在沿海國(guó)家 還是內(nèi)陸國(guó)家。

06:42

So what do we do? I have a few ideas.

那么我們?cè)撛趺醋瞿兀课矣幸恍┎怀墒斓男〗ㄗh。

06:45

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

06:46

First, we must reframe our understanding of the problem. Climate change is not the problem. Climate change is the most horrible symptom of an economic system that has been built for a few to extract every precious value out of this planet and its people, from our natural resources to the fruits of our human labor. This system has created this crisis.

首先，我們必須審視 我們對(duì)問題的理解。 氣候變化不是真正的問題。 氣候變化是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制 最可怕的癥結(jié)， 這個(gè)體制是為了少數(shù)人而建的， 目的是從這個(gè)星球上和人類 身上提取每一寸珍貴的價(jià)值—— 從我們自然資源中， 從人類勞工的勞動(dòng)果實(shí)中。 是這個(gè)體制制造了危機(jī)。

07:15

(Applause)

（掌聲）

07:21

We must have the courage to admit we've taken too much. We cannot close our eyes to the fact that the entire world is paying a price for the privilege and comfort of just a few people on the planet. It's time for us to make society-wide changes to a system that incentivizes consumption to the point of global imbalance. Our social, political and economic systems of extraction must be transformed into systems that regenerate the earth and advance human liberty globally. It is arrogance to think that technology will save us. It is ego to think that we can continue this unjust and extractive approach to living on this planet and survive.

我們必須有勇氣去承認(rèn)。是我們索取得太多了。 我們不能無視這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即整個(gè)世界都在為這個(gè)星球上少數(shù)人的特權(quán)和舒適付出代價(jià)。 是時(shí)候?yàn)槲覀冏约?去呼吁廣泛的社會(huì)整改， 去改變這種為刺激消費(fèi) 而使世界失衡的狀態(tài)了。 我們的社會(huì)、政治 和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的榨取行為 必須轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽尩厍?可持續(xù)發(fā)展和 促進(jìn)全球人類自由的行為。 認(rèn)為科技會(huì)拯救我們的想法 是狂妄自大的。 認(rèn)為我們可以繼續(xù)以這種 不平等和榨取的方式 生活及生存在這個(gè)星球上的想法 是自負(fù)的。

08:15

(Applause)

（掌聲）

08:20

To survive this next phase of our human existence, we will need to restructure our social and economic systems to develop our collective resilience. The social restructuring must be towards restoration and repair of the earth and the communities that have been extracted from, criminalized and targeted for generations. These are the frontlines. This is where we start.

為了拯救人類生存的下一階段， 我們將需要重構(gòu) 我們的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng) 來改善我們的集體韌性。 社會(huì)重構(gòu)必須朝著恢復(fù)和修復(fù) 地球的方向， 以及世代以來被剝奪、犯罪化和成為攻擊目標(biāo)的社區(qū)。這些就是斗爭(zhēng)的前沿。 這就是我們的起點(diǎn)。

08:48

We must establish a new social attitude to see migration as a benefit, a necessity for our global survival, not as a threat to our individual privilege. Collective resilience means developing cities that can receive people and provide housing, food, water, health care and the freedom from overpolicing for everyone, no matter who they are, no matter where they're from.

我們必須建立一種新的社會(huì)心態(tài)， 將移民視為一種福利， 一種人類全球性生存的必要條件， 并不是一種 對(duì)個(gè)人特權(quán)的威脅。 集體韌性意味著完善城市， 從而可以接納人們 并且給他們提供住處、 食物、水、醫(yī)療 給每一個(gè)人從過度管制中 脫離的自由， 無論他們是誰， 無論他們從哪里來。

09:16

What would it mean if we started to plan for climate migration now? Sprawling cities or declining cities could see this as an opportunity to rebuild a social infrastructure rooted in justice and fairness. We could actually put money into public hospitals and help them prepare for what is to come through climate migration, including the trauma that comes with loss and relocation. We can invest more of our time in justice, but it cannot be for temporary gain, it cannot be to help budget shortfalls, it has to be for long-term change and it has to be to advance justice. It's already possible, y'all.

如果我們現(xiàn)在開始計(jì)劃 氣候移民，這將意味著什么？ 正在發(fā)展的城市和正在衰敗的 城市可以把這當(dāng)作一個(gè)機(jī)遇， 去重新建立根植于正義 和公平的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。 我們可以為公立醫(yī)院注入資金， 來幫助他們?yōu)橛?即將到來的氣候移民做好準(zhǔn)備， 包括撫平人們因流離失所 所經(jīng)受的創(chuàng)傷。 我們可以投資更多時(shí)間維護(hù)正義， 但這不能為了一時(shí)的收益， 也不能為了緩解財(cái)政不足， 這樣做應(yīng)該是為了長(zhǎng)期性的改變， 而且應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)正義的。 這些都是十分可行的。

09:56

After Hurricane Katrina, universities and high schools around the US took in students to help them finish their semester or their year without missing a beat. Those students are now productive assets in our community, and this is what our communities, our businesses and our institutions need to get ready for now. The time is now.

卡特里娜颶風(fēng)之后， 全美國(guó)的大學(xué)和高中 接收了大量的學(xué)生， 以幫助他們完成學(xué)業(yè) 或在學(xué)年中不掉隊(duì)。 這些學(xué)生現(xiàn)在是我們 社區(qū)中的生產(chǎn)力， 所以這就是我們的 社區(qū)和業(yè)務(wù)以及各機(jī)構(gòu) 需要為此做好的準(zhǔn)備。 就是現(xiàn)在。

10:18

So as we reframe the problem in a more truthful way and we restructure our social systems in a more just way, all that will be left is for us to reindigenize ourselves and to conjure a power of the most ancient kind. This necessarily means that we must learn to follow -- not tokenize, not exotify, not dismiss -- the leadership and the traditional knowledge of a particular local place. It means that we must commit to standards of ecological equity and climate justice and human rights as the basis, a base standard, a starting point, for where our new society is to go.

當(dāng)我們?yōu)榱擞酶_的方式 去重新認(rèn)識(shí)問題， 用更便捷的方式 重構(gòu)我們的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)， 剩下的就是讓我們重新回歸自我， 然后“聽天由命”。 這必然意味著 我們必須學(xué)會(huì)遵循—— 不搞特權(quán)，不區(qū)別化， 不玩忽職守—— 特定地區(qū)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力 和固有知識(shí)。 這就意味著我們必須 圍繞著生態(tài)平衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、 氣候公正以及人權(quán)， 將這些作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)， 一個(gè)起點(diǎn)， 新社會(huì)的起點(diǎn)。

11:03

All of this requires us to recognize a power greater than ourselves and a life longer than the ones we will live. It requires us to believe in the things that we are privileged enough not to have to see. We must honor the rights of nature. We must advance human rights for all. We must transform from a disposable, individual society into one that sees our collective, long-term humanity, or else we will not make it. We must see that even the best of us are entangled in an unjust system, and we must acknowledge that the only way you're going to survive is for us to figure out how to reach a shared liberation together.

所有這些都需要我們意識(shí)到一個(gè) 比人類自身更偉大的力量， 和一個(gè)比我們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)人的 壽命都更長(zhǎng)的生命。 它要求我們相信那些我們有幸 不必看到的事物。 我們必須敬畏自然的權(quán)利。 我們必須促進(jìn)人人享有人權(quán)。 我們必須從不可持續(xù)的， 孤立的社會(huì) 轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)可以看到 團(tuán)結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的人性的社會(huì)， 我們別無選擇。 我們必須看到，即使我們當(dāng)中最努力的人 也陷入到了不公平的制度當(dāng)中， 我們也要必須認(rèn)識(shí)到 想要生存下去的唯一途徑 就是想辦法 一起實(shí)現(xiàn)共同的解放。

11:55

The good news is we come from powerful people. We come from those who have, in one way or another, survived so far to be us here today. This is reason enough to fight. And take it from your south Louisiana friend, those hardest fights are the ones to celebrate. Let's choose to make this next phase of our planetary existence beautiful, and while we're at it, let's make it just and fair for everyone.

好消息是，我們遺傳了祖先的力量。我們是那些曾經(jīng)以 某種方式幸存下來的人類的后裔，直到今天這些人類 都生存在這個(gè)星球上。 憑借這一原因就足以去對(duì)抗。 和你的南路易斯安那朋友一起， 和他們一起慶祝那些艱難的抗?fàn)帯?讓我們選擇使地球生存的 下一個(gè)階段變得更美好， 既然我們生活在這里， 那就讓我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制 對(duì)每一個(gè)人公平。

12:23

We can do this, y'all. We can do this, because we must. We must, or else we lose our planet and we lose ourselves. The work starts here. The work starts together. This is my offering.

各位，我們可以做到。我們一定可以做到， 因?yàn)槲覀儽仨氝@樣做。 我們別無選擇，否則我們 就會(huì)失去我們賴以生存的星球， 迷失我們自己。 這些工作應(yīng)該從這里開始。 這些工作應(yīng)該合作開展。 這就是我的倡議。

12:38

Thank you for receiving it. Merci.

感謝你們的聆聽。 （法語）謝謝。

12:40

(Applause)

（掌聲）