演講MP3+雙語文稿:你為什么應(yīng)該關(guān)注氣候變化

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【演講者及介紹】Luisa Neubauer

路易莎·紐鮑爾——?dú)夂蚧顒?dòng)家、作家和“Friday for future”學(xué)校罷工運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

【演講主題】為什么你也應(yīng)該成為氣候活動(dòng)者

【中英文字幕】

Translated by Harper Zhang. Reviewed by Nan Yang.

00:13

I never planned to become a climateactivist. But things have changed, and now, standing here as a climateactivist, I ask you all to become one, too. Here's why, and most importantly,how.

我從沒打算成為氣候活動(dòng)者。但情況有變，現(xiàn)在，我作為氣候活動(dòng)者站在這里，并請(qǐng)求大家也成為其中的一員。接下來是為什么，以及最重要的，怎么做。

00:31

Ten years ago, when I was 13 years old, Ifirst learned about the greenhouse effect. Back then, we spent 90 minutes onthis issue, and I remember finding it quite irritating that something sofundamental would be squeezed into a single geography lesson. Some of thisirritation remained, so when I graduated from high school, I decided to studygeography, just to make sure I was on the right track with this whole climatechange thing.

十年前，我十三歲的時(shí)候，第一次聽說溫室效應(yīng)。當(dāng)時(shí)，我們?cè)谶@個(gè)問題上只花了九十分鐘，我記得特別生氣，因?yàn)檫@么重大的問題，竟然被壓縮成了一堂地理課。我的怒氣一直沒消退，所以為了確保我緊隨整個(gè)氣候變化的情況，當(dāng)我從高中畢業(yè)后，我決定攻讀地理學(xué)。

01:02

And this is when everything changed. Thiswas the first time I looked at the data, at the science behind the climatecrisis, and I couldn't believe what I was reading. Like many of you, I thoughtthat the planet wasn't really in a good state. I had no idea that we arerushing into this self-made disaster in such a rapid pace. There was also thefirst time I understood what difference it makes when you consider the biggerpicture. Take the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, for instance, the numberone driver for global warming. And this is just one aspect of the crisis we'reseeing. I'm not going to get into details here, but let me tell you so much: weare in a point of history that the most destructive force on the planet ishumanity itself. We are in a point of history that no scientist could guaranteeyou that you will survive this. We are in a point of history that humanity iscreating an environment that's not safe for humans anymore.

一切就此改變。當(dāng)我第一次觀察數(shù)據(jù)，看到氣候危機(jī)背后的科學(xué)時(shí)，我無法相信我所看到的。像你們中的很多人一樣，我覺得地球的狀況并不是很好。但我完全不知道，我們正如此迅速地奔向自造的大災(zāi)難。那也是我第一次認(rèn)識(shí)到站在更大的維度 看問題是多么不同。以大氣中二氧化碳濃度為例—— 全球變暖的第一元兇。而這僅僅是氣候危機(jī)的 其中一個(gè)方面。我不打算闡述細(xì)節(jié)，但讓我這樣告訴各位： 在這個(gè)歷史時(shí)刻，地球上大部分的破壞力 來自人類自身。在這個(gè)歷史時(shí)刻，沒有科學(xué)家能保證你會(huì)存活。在這個(gè)歷史時(shí)刻，人類制造著一個(gè)威脅自身的環(huán)境。

02:33

Yeah, there I was, first year of geography,and felt pretty overwhelmed. But ... there was good news. The very same year Ifirst learned about all this, leaders from across the globe came together inParis to decide on the common target to limit global warming to below twodegrees. Pictures went around the world, and I was told that history was madethat day. How relieving, right?

是的，這就是我第一年學(xué)習(xí)地理時(shí) 窒息無力的感受。但—— 還是發(fā)生了好事情的。就在同一年，世界各國的領(lǐng)袖齊聚巴黎，設(shè)定了共同的目標(biāo)，限制全球變暖不超過兩度。會(huì)議的照片傳遍世界。人們告訴我，歷史在那天創(chuàng)造。很安慰人心，對(duì)吧？

03:05

Except ... something didn't quite work outabout this. After this agreement was signed, things didn't really get better.Actually, they got much worse. Decision makers and industries, leaders andpoliticians, they went back to business as usual, exploiting our livelihoodslike there is literally no tomorrow, building coal power plants again andagain, even though we know that needs to stop, according to the ParisAgreement.

但是——事態(tài)的發(fā)展并不如人意。目標(biāo)協(xié)定簽署后，情況并沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。事實(shí)上，變得更糟了。決策制定者、工業(yè)界、國家領(lǐng)袖和政客，他們開完會(huì)回去照常辦產(chǎn)業(yè)，像是沒有明天一樣貪婪榨取我們的生計(jì)，建造一座又一座的火力發(fā)電站，即便他們明知《巴黎協(xié)議》上這些行為是被禁止的。

03:43

So while there are also good developments,of course -- there are installations of wind and solar energy all over theglobe, yes -- but these positive changes are slow -- too slow, in fact. Sosince the Paris Agreement was signed, climate graphs keep racing to the top,smashing records every year. The five hottest years ever recorded were theprevious five years, and at no time have global emissions been higher thantoday.

誠然，有一些好的發(fā)展——風(fēng)能和太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)施在全球逐漸增加，但這些積極的變化很慢——太慢了。所以，《巴黎協(xié)議》簽署后，氣候惡化的趨勢(shì)依然向上飆升，每年都在刷新記錄。記載中最熱的五年，就是過去這五年，如今的全球溫室氣體排放量達(dá)到歷史最高。

04:15

So there I was, seeing and understandingthe science on the one side, but not seeing answers, not seeing the action, onthe other side. At that point, I had enough. I wanted to go to the UN ClimateConference myself, that very place that was created to bring people together tofix the climate -- except not really, apparently. This was last year. Itraveled to the Climate Conference and wanted to find out what this is reallylike, what this is about. For political realists, this might be no surprise,but I found it hard to bear: that fossil fuel industries and political leadersare doing everything, everything to prevent real change from happening. Theyare not keen to set targets that are ambitious enough to put us on abelow-two-degree pathway. After all, these are the only ones who benefit fromthis climate crisis, right? The fossil fuel industry generates profits, andpolitical leaders, well, they look at the next election, at what makes thempopular, and I guess that's not asking the inconvenient questions. There is nointention for them to change the game. There is no country in the world whereeither companies or political powers are sanctioned for wrecking the climate.

所以，一方面，我接觸并理解著這一切的科學(xué)原理，另一方面我卻沒有看到答案和行動(dòng)。因此，我受夠了。我決定親自去聯(lián)合國氣候大會(huì)，那個(gè)為聚人類之力以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候問題 而生的組織—— 顯然它沒做到。去年，我前往聯(lián)合國氣候大會(huì) 探尋到底發(fā)生了什么。對(duì)于政治現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，這可能并不很驚訝，但我感到難以忍受：化石燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)和政治領(lǐng)袖們正在盡一切可能 避免發(fā)生真正的改變。他們并不熱衷于 設(shè)定野心勃勃的目標(biāo) 來實(shí)現(xiàn)每年低于兩度暖化的目標(biāo)。畢竟，他們是氣候危機(jī)的 唯一受益者，不是嗎？ 化石燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生著大量利潤，領(lǐng)袖們緊盯著下一次選舉，只顧著讓自己受歡迎，更不可能去問令人為難的問題。他們并不打算改變局勢(shì)。畢竟世界上沒有任何一個(gè)國家的企業(yè)或政府，因?yàn)槠茐臍夂蚨艿街撇谩?/p>

05:46

With all the strangeness and the sadnessabout this conference, there was one someone who was different, someone whoseemed to be quite worried, and that was Greta Thunberg. I decided right therethat everything else seemed hopeless and didn't seem to make sense, so I joinedher climate strike right there at the conference. It was my very first climatestrike ever and an incredibly strange setting, just me and her sitting there atthis conference hall, surrounded by this busyness of the suit-wearingconference crowd who had no idea what to do with us. And yet, this felt morepowerful than anything I had expected in a very long time. And it was rightthere that I felt it was maybe time to start striking in Germany. I was nowcertain that no one else was going to fix this for us, and if there was justthe slightest chance that this could make a difference, it seemed almostfoolish not to give it a go. So I --

就在這次大會(huì)的荒謬與悲哀上演之后，有個(gè)與眾不同的人站了出來，看起來十分擔(dān)憂——她就是格蕾塔·通貝里。我當(dāng)下就認(rèn)定，其他選項(xiàng)似乎都沒有希望，也行不通。于是我加入了她的氣候罷課運(yùn)動(dòng)。那是我人生第一次參與氣候罷課，當(dāng)時(shí)的場(chǎng)面很奇怪，只有我和她坐在會(huì)議廳，周圍是一群身著西裝的會(huì)議人員，對(duì)我們束手無策。不過，我感受到了一股力量，比任何曾感受過的都更強(qiáng)烈。于是從那時(shí)我開始思考，或許是時(shí)候在德國來一場(chǎng)罷課了。我非常確定，沒有人會(huì)來幫我們解決氣候問題，如果我能讓情況有些許不同，即便只是最微小的改變，那么不去嘗試便是愚蠢的。于是我——

06:58

(Applause)

（掌聲）

07:07

So I traveled back to Berlin. I foundallies who had the same idea at the same time, and together we thought we'dgive this "Fridays For Future" thing a go. Obviously, we had no ideawhat we were getting into. Before our first strike, many of us, including me,had never organized a public demonstration or any kind of protest before. Wehad no money, no resources and absolutely no idea what climate striking reallyis. So we started doing what we were good at: we started texting, texting enmasse, night and day, everyone we could reach, organizing our first climatestrike via WhatsApp.

于是我回到柏林，找到了志同道合的盟友，打算共同發(fā)起“周五為未來”的活動(dòng)。顯然，我們不知道該怎么做。在第一次罷課之前，許多人，包括我，對(duì)如何組織公共抗議都毫無經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我們沒有錢，沒有資源，對(duì)氣候罷課沒有任何概念。于是我們開始做擅長(zhǎng)的事：我們開始聯(lián)系他人。齊心協(xié)力、不分晝夜地聯(lián)系能接觸到的每一個(gè)人，在 WhatsApp 上組織了第一次氣候罷課。

07:46

The night before our first strike, I was sonervous I couldn't sleep. I didn't know what to expect, but I expected theworst. Maybe it was because we weren't the only ones who had been longing tohave a voice in a political environment that had seemingly forgotten how toinclude young people's perspective into decision-making, maybe. But somehowthis worked out. And from one day to the other, we were all over the place. AndI, from one day to the other, became a climate activist.

罷課活動(dòng)前的那個(gè)晚上，我緊張得睡不著。我不知道該期待什么，但我想到了最壞的結(jié)果?；蛟S因?yàn)槲覀儾皇俏ㄒ豢释蛘苇h(huán)境發(fā)聲，卻似乎已被忽略、無法參與決策的年輕人。但，我們成功了。兩天之內(nèi)，我們出現(xiàn)在德國的每個(gè)角落。并且，我在這兩天里，成為了一個(gè)氣候活動(dòng)者。

08:30

Usually, in these kind of TED Talks, Iwould now say how it's overly hopeful, how we young people are going to getthis sorted, how we're going to save the future and the planet and everythingelse, how we young people striking for the climate are going to fix this.Usually. But this is not how this works. This is not how this crisis works.Here's a twist: today, three and a half years after that Paris Agreement wassigned, when we look at the science, we find it's still possible to keep globalwarming to below two degrees -- technically. And we also see it's stillpossible to hold other disastrous developments we're seeing, such as massextinction and soil degradation -- yes, technically. It's just incredibly,incredibly unlikely.

通常來說，在這類 TED 演講中，我現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該要開始說未來多么有希望，我們年輕人將如何解決這些問題，我們將會(huì)如何拯救未來，拯救世界，我們將會(huì)如何靠氣候罷課而解決氣候難題。通常是這樣。但事實(shí)不是這樣的。這不是氣候危機(jī)的運(yùn)作方式?，F(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，如今，《巴黎協(xié)議》簽訂三年半后，當(dāng)我們著眼于科學(xué)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)想要控制暖化兩度以下還是有可能的——理論上。我們也看到了阻礙其它災(zāi)難發(fā)展的可能，例如物種滅絕和土壤退化——是的，理論上。只是可能性非常非常小。

09:34

And in any case, the world would have tosee changes which we have never experienced before. We'd have to fullydecarbonize our economies by 2050 and transform the distribution of powers thatis currently allowing those fossil fuel giants and political leaders to stay ontop of the game. We are talking of nothing less than the greatesttransformation since the Industrial Revolution. We are talking, if you want toput it that way, we are talking of a climate revolution in a minimum amount oftime. We wouldn't have a single further year to lose.

不論如何，這個(gè)世界需要看到前所未有的改變。我們需要在 2050 年以前將碳從經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)中去除，改變權(quán)力分配，讓那些燃煤巨頭和政治領(lǐng)袖們不再處于權(quán)力頂尖位置。我們正在說的是自工業(yè)革命后一場(chǎng)史無前例的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變?；蛘?，如果你想這么說，我們?cè)谡f的是極短時(shí)間內(nèi)的一場(chǎng)氣候革命。我們?cè)佥敳黄鹨荒炅恕?/p>

10:15

And in any case, for any of that change tohappen, the world needs to stop relying on one or two or three million schoolstrikers to sort this out. Yes, we are great, we are going to keep going, andwe are going to go to places no one ever expected us, yes. But we are not thelimit; we are the start. This is not a job for a single generation. This is ajob for humanity. And this is when all eyes are on you. For this change tohappen, we will have to get one million things sorted. It's an incrediblycomplex thing, after all. But ... there are some things that everyone can getstarted with.

無論如何，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)任何一項(xiàng)改變，這個(gè)世界不能單靠幾百萬學(xué)生的罷課來解決問題。是的，我們很棒，我們會(huì)堅(jiān)持下去，我們會(huì)去到那些人們本不期望我們到達(dá)的地方。但我們不是終點(diǎn)，我們是開端。這不是某一代人的事業(yè)，這是全人類的事業(yè)。這是個(gè)所有人寄望于你的時(shí)刻。為了讓改變發(fā)生，我們要解決一百萬個(gè)問題。這確實(shí)是個(gè)無比復(fù)雜的事情。但……每個(gè)人都可以從一些小事做起。

11:06

Bad news first: if you thought I would tellyou now to cycle more or eat less meat, to fly less, or to go secondhandshopping, sorry, this is not that easy. But here comes the good news: you aremore than consumers and shoppers, even though the industry would like you tokeep yourselves limited to that. No; me and you -- we are all political beings,and we can all be part of this answer. We can all be something that many peoplecall climate activists. Yay?

壞消息是：如果你以為我要告訴你更多的循環(huán)利用，或者少吃肉，少乘坐飛機(jī)或者去二手市場(chǎng)購物，抱歉，沒有那么簡(jiǎn)單。但好消息是：你不只是消費(fèi)者和購物者，即便業(yè)界希望你止步于此。不。我和你們——我們都是政治的一員，我們都能書寫答案，我們能成為所謂的氣候活動(dòng)者。是吧？

11:40

(Laughter)

(笑聲）

11:42

So what are the first steps? Four firststeps that are essential to get everything else done, four first steps thateveryone can get started with, four first steps that decide about everythingthat can happen after.

那么要如何開始呢？開始階段是最重要的，有四點(diǎn)每個(gè)人都可以開始去做。這四點(diǎn)決定了之后的所有事情。

11:57

So what's that?

那么是什么呢？

12:00

Number one: we need to drastically reframeour understanding of a climate activist, our understanding of who can be theanswer to this. A climate activist isn't that one person that's read everysingle study and is now spending every afternoon handing out leaflets aboutvegetarianism in shopping malls. No. A climate activist can be everyone,everyone who wants to join a movement of those who intend to grow old on aplanet that prioritizes protection of natural environments and happiness andhealth for the many over the destruction of the climate and the wrecking of theplanet for the profits of the few. And since the climate crisis is affectingevery single part of our social, of our political and of our private life, weneed climate activists everywhere on every corner, not only in every room, butalso in every city and country and state and continent.

第一：我們需要快速轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)氣候活動(dòng)者的認(rèn)識(shí)，重新理解誰能成為氣候問題的答案。氣候活動(dòng)者不是那些閱讀每一項(xiàng)研究 然后每個(gè)下午在商場(chǎng)門口發(fā)放 素食主義傳單的人。不。氣候活動(dòng)者可以是任何人，任何只要他們希望活在一個(gè)以保護(hù)自然環(huán)境和保障大多數(shù)人類健康幸福為宗旨的世界，而不是破壞氣候，摧毀地球，而讓少數(shù)人獲利。因?yàn)闅夂蛭C(jī)正影響著社會(huì)政治生活和個(gè)人生活的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，氣候活動(dòng)者需要出現(xiàn)在每個(gè)地方每個(gè)角落。不僅是每間屋子，更是每個(gè)城市、每個(gè)國家、每個(gè)州、每塊大陸。

13:03

Second: I need you to get out of that zoneof convenience, away from a business as usual that has no tomorrow. All of youhere, you are either a friend or a family member, you are a worker, acolleague, a student, a teacher or, in many cases, a voter. All of this comesalong with a responsibility that this crisis requires you to grow up to.There's the company that employs you or that sponsors you. Is it on track ofmeeting the Paris Agreement? Does your local parliamentarian know that you careabout this, that you want this to be a priority in every election? Does yourbest friend know about this? Do you read a newspaper or write a newspaper?Great. Then let them know you want them to report on this in every issue, andthat you want them to challenge decision makers in every single interview. Ifyou're a singer, sing about this. If you're a teacher, teach about this. And ifyou have a bank account, tell your bank you're going to leave if they keepinvesting in fossil fuels. And, of course, on Fridays, you should all know whatto do.

第二：我們需要跳出舒適圈，遠(yuǎn)離一切沒有未來的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。在場(chǎng)的各位是朋友或家人，你們也是從業(yè)者，同事，學(xué)生，老師，或者，在更多情況下，你們是選民。這些都伴隨著責(zé)任，氣候危機(jī)需要你投身幫助。那些雇傭你或者贊助你的公司，它們有沒有遵守《巴黎協(xié)議》？你們當(dāng)?shù)氐淖h員知道你關(guān)心氣候問題并希望將其作為選舉的主要參考嗎？你最好的朋友了解氣候問題嗎？你閱讀報(bào)紙，或者撰寫報(bào)刊嗎？這很好，那就讓他們知道你想要在每一期報(bào)道氣候問題，想要在每次采訪中質(zhì)詢決策制定者。如果你是歌手，那么歌唱它；如果你是教師，那么傳授它；如果你有銀行賬戶，告訴銀行如果他們繼續(xù)投資化石燃料那么你就要取消賬戶。還有在星期五，你知道該怎么做。

14:18

Thirdly: leaving that zone of convenienceworks best when you join forces. One person asking for inconvenient change ismostly inconvenient. Two, five, ten, one hundred people asking for inconvenientchange are hard to ignore. The more you are, the harder it gets for people tojustify a system that has no future. Power is not something that you eitherhave or don't have. Power is something you either take or leave to others, andit grows once you share it. We young people on the streets, we school strikers,we are showing how this can work out. One single school striker will always beone single school striker -- well, Greta Thunberg. Two, five, ten, one thousandpeople striking school are a movement, and that's what we need everywhere. Nopressure.

第三：人多力量大。一個(gè)人發(fā)出改變的訴求將是困難的； 但兩個(gè)，五個(gè)，十個(gè)，一百個(gè)人發(fā)出訴求，就難以被忽略。人數(shù)越多，人們就越難替沒有未來的系統(tǒng)開脫。力量并不是單純的有，或沒有。力量是你可以爭(zhēng)取，或放棄的東西，而一旦傳遞，力量便壯大。我們這些街頭的年輕人，罷課學(xué)生，我們證明了這是可行的。一個(gè)罷課學(xué)生將永遠(yuǎn)只是一個(gè)人——就像格蕾塔·通貝里。但兩個(gè)，五個(gè)，十個(gè)，一千個(gè)學(xué)生一起參與的運(yùn)動(dòng)，就是我們想要的。不要有壓力。

15:11

(Laughter)

（笑）

15:13

And number four, finally -- and this isprobably the most important aspect of all of this -- I need you to start takingyourselves more seriously. If there's one thing I've learned during sevenmonths of organizing climate action, it's that if you don't go for something,chances are high that no one else will. The most powerful institutions of thisworld have no intention of changing the game they're profiting from most, sothere's no point in further relying on them. That's scary, I know. That's ahuge responsibility, a huge burden on everyone's shoulders, yes. But this alsomeans, if we want to, we can have a say in this. We can be part of that change.We can be part of that answer. And that's quite beautiful, right?

最后，第四：或許是最重要的一點(diǎn)——我需要你們更認(rèn)真的看待自己。如果說我在 7 個(gè)月的組織氣候運(yùn)動(dòng)中 學(xué)到了什么，那就是，如果你不主動(dòng)追求，很有可能沒有人會(huì)去做了。這個(gè)世界最有權(quán)力的機(jī)構(gòu)不會(huì)想要改變 使其利益最大化的游戲規(guī)則，所以再依賴他們沒有意義。這很嚇人，我知道。這是巨大的責(zé)任，是每個(gè)人肩頭沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。但同時(shí)也意味著，如果我們想，我們就有發(fā)言權(quán)。我們能成為改變的一部分，我們能成為答案的一部分。這很美好，對(duì)吧？

16:17

So let's give it a try, let's rock androll, let's flood the world with climate activists. Let's get out of the zonesof convenience and join forces and start taking ourselves more seriously.Imagine what this world would look like, where children would grow up, knowingtheir future was this one great adventure to look forward to and nothing to bescared of, what this world would look like when the next climate conference isthis great happening of people who come together, who had heard the voices ofmillions, who would then roll up their sleeves, ready to create real change.

所以不如試一試，大干一場(chǎng)，讓這個(gè)世界充滿氣候活動(dòng)者。讓我們跳出舒適圈，聯(lián)合起來，重視自己的力量。想象一下世界將會(huì)如何，以后的孩子們，知道他們未來的成長(zhǎng)將是一場(chǎng)精彩的冒險(xiǎn)，令人期待，無所畏懼；下一次的氣候大會(huì)，將會(huì)是人們齊聚一堂，代表世界百萬人的聲音，然后擼起袖子，創(chuàng)造全新的改變。

17:00

You know, I dream of this world wheregeography classes teach about the climate crisis as this one greatest challengethat was won by people like you and me, who had started acting in time becausethey understood they had nothing to lose and everything to win.

想象一下，我夢(mèng)想的世界中，地理課上會(huì)把氣候危機(jī)介紹成歷史上人類戰(zhàn)勝的最偉大挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)槲覀兗皶r(shí)行動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲覀兠靼讻]有退路，唯有勝利。

17:29

So why not give it a go? No one else willsave the future for us. This is more than an invitation. Spread the word.

所以為什么不行動(dòng)起來呢？不要指望別人來拯救我們的未來。這不僅是一個(gè)邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)大家向世界傳播出去。

17:36

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

17:37

(Applause)

（掌聲）