中國(guó)第一高樓是怎樣建成的？

07 中國(guó)第一高樓是怎樣建成的？

攝影師謝爾登被請(qǐng)來記錄上海中心大廈的建設(shè)過程。他在履行合同義務(wù)之余，利用進(jìn)入工地之機(jī)捕捉到了別樣畫面。

Shanghai's skyline has long stood as a symbol of the future.Just ask the many Hollywood directors who have used the city as a backdrop for tales of artificial intelligence, time travel and high-tech espionage.

長(zhǎng)久以來，上海的天際線一直被當(dāng)做未來的象征。只要看看有多少好萊塢導(dǎo)演以這座城市為背景，講述人工智能、時(shí)間旅行和高科技間諜的故事。

In Spike Jonze's Her, Shanghai plays a futuristic Los Angeles, a backdrop for Joaquin Phoenix's love affair with a computer operating system voiced by Scarlett Johansson.In Looper, time-travelling hitman Bruce Willis moves to Shanghai to live for 30 years until 2074, when his younger self will arrive to kill him.In Mission: Impossible III, Tom Cruise rappels down the 88-storey Jinmao Tower after stealing a bioweapon.

在斯派克·瓊斯(Spike Jonze)的《她》(Her)里，上海充當(dāng)了未來的洛杉磯，成為華金·菲尼克斯(Joaquin Phoenix)與斯嘉麗·約翰遜(Scarlett Johansson)配音的電腦操作系統(tǒng)談情說愛的背景舞臺(tái)。在《環(huán)形使者》(Looper)中，時(shí)間旅行殺手布魯斯·威利斯(Bruce Willis)搬到上海生活了30年，直到2074年，年輕時(shí)候的他來這兒殺他。在《碟中諜三》(Mission: Impossible III)中，湯姆·克魯斯(Tom Cruise)在偷走了一件生物武器后，從88層的金茂大廈(Jinmao Tower)一躍而下。

With the completion of work on the 127-storey Shanghai Tower at the end of 2015, the city gained a potent new futurist symbol.At 632m, it is the world's second-tallest building, surpassed only by Dubai's 828m-tall Burj Khalifa.

2015年底，隨著127層的上海中心大廈(Shanghai Tower)完工，該市獲得了新的、強(qiáng)有力的未來主義象征。這座632米的高樓是全球第二高建筑，僅次于迪拜828米高的哈利法塔(Burj Khalifa)。

Gensler, the US company that designed the tower, hired photographer Noah Sheldon to document its construction.While producing architectural photos to satisfy his client, Sheldon took advantage of his access to the site to capture other kinds of images.

負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)上海中心大廈的美國(guó)公司Gensler聘請(qǐng)攝影師諾亞·謝爾登(Noah Sheldon)來記錄這座大樓的建設(shè)過程。謝爾登在拍攝建筑照片滿足客戶要求的同時(shí)，還利用進(jìn)入工地的機(jī)會(huì)，捕捉到了別樣的畫面。

Like most big Chinese construction projects of the past 35 years, Shanghai Tower was built by migrant workers from small cities and rural areas.

與過去35年大多數(shù)中國(guó)大型建筑項(xiàng)目一樣，上海中心大廈也是由來自小城市或農(nóng)村地區(qū)的民工建造的。

Sheldon's photographs capture the pride and physical confidence of workers engaged in dangerous work at high altitude.

謝爾登的照片捕捉到了這些從事高空危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)的工人們的自豪和自信。

“You'd have a whole team of, say, scaffolding riggers, who would all be from one town in Henan.And they would all be cousins or friends,” says Sheldon.

謝爾登說：“就拿架子工來說吧，可能一整組架子工都來自河南某個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。而且他們都是親戚朋友。”

“They're proud of the work, and we tapped into that.The way I approached the workers was to say, ‘You should be documented in the same way the building is.”

“他們對(duì)這份工作感到自豪，而我們挖掘了這一點(diǎn)。我接近這些工人的方式是說，“你應(yīng)該被記錄下來，就像這座大廈被記錄下來一樣?！?/p>

Especially striking was the use of female construction workers, who mostly did the same work as their male counterparts.

尤為引人注目的是那些建筑女工，她們大多干著與男性建筑工人一樣的工作。

“The women were doing some really heavy, heavy labour,” says Sheldon.“They'd usually be carrying the same huge things as the men.”

謝爾登說：“這些女性的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度真的非常、非常大。她們常常像男性一樣，搬運(yùn)著巨大的物件。”

Lujiazui, the financial centre that hosts Shanghai Tower, is the ultimate symbol of China's transformation since Deng Xiaoping broke with Maoist state planning in 1978.

上海中心大廈位于金融中心陸家嘴，自1978年鄧小平告別毛澤東的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)以來，陸家嘴便是中國(guó)改革的終極象征。

As recently as the late 1980s, the area was still a sparse collection of warehouses, factories and low-rise residential buildings.

直到上世紀(jì)80年代末，陸家嘴還只是散落著倉(cāng)庫(kù)、工廠和低層住宅建筑。

But change came quickly.In 1996, the city's mayor boasted that 18 per cent of the world's cranes were in Shanghai.Today Lujiazui is a dense warren of skyscrapers.

但它的變化非?？臁?996年，當(dāng)時(shí)的上海市長(zhǎng)自豪地表示，全球18%的起重機(jī)都在上海。今天的陸家嘴高樓林立。

“It was definitely something that the minders were worried about.They couldn't understand why I was taking pictures of the workers,” he says.

謝爾登說：“這種事絕對(duì)是工地保安擔(dān)心的。他們不明白我為什么拍攝工人的照片?！?/p>

From base to top, the tower twists 120 degrees, a figure calculated to minimise the impact of Shanghai's high winds.Gensler says this innovation saved $58m worth of structural materials.

從底部到頂層，整棟大廈扭轉(zhuǎn)了120度，該數(shù)字是為了最小化上海大風(fēng)影響而計(jì)算得出的。Gensler表示，這一創(chuàng)新節(jié)省了價(jià)值5800萬美元的結(jié)構(gòu)材料。

With the tower complete, the question is where Shanghai and China's economy go from here.

隨著大廈落成，一個(gè)問題也產(chǎn)生了：上海乃至中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)將走向何方？

Economists have theorised about the existence of a “skyscraper curse”: the world's tallest building often correlates with an impending economic crash.The Empire State Building in New York, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur and the Burj Khalifa are notable examples.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家提出了“摩天大樓詛咒”的理論：世界上最高的建筑物往往與一場(chǎng)即將來臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰存在關(guān)聯(lián)。紐約的帝國(guó)大廈(Empire State Building)、吉隆坡的雙子塔(Petronas Towers)以及哈利法塔都是著名案例。

Some analysts say China's real estate market is a bubble.The Shanghai Tower's agent says only 60 per cent of the office space is currently leased.If the market does crash, workers like those in Sheldon's photos would be among the hardest hit, and the tower could come to stand as a monument to irrational exuberance.

一些分析師認(rèn)為，中國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)是個(gè)泡沫。上海中心大廈的中介商表示目前僅租出去了60%的辦公空間。如果房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)崩潰，謝爾登鏡頭中的建筑工人將是受到最沉重打擊的群體之一，而這座大廈可能會(huì)成為非理性繁榮的一座紀(jì)念碑。

詞匯總結(jié)

artificial intelligence

人工智能

Just ask the many Hollywood directors who have used the city as a backdrop for tales of artificial intelligence, time travel and high-tech espionage.

只要看看有多少好萊塢導(dǎo)演以這座城市為背景，講述人工智能、時(shí)間旅行和高科技間諜的故事。

rappel [r?'pel]

n.繞繩下降；坐式下降法

v.用繩索下降

In Mission: Impossible III, Tom Cruise rappels down the 88-storey Jinmao Tower after stealing a bioweapon.

在《碟中諜三》(Mission: Impossible III)中，湯姆·克魯斯(Tom Cruise)在偷走了一件生物武器后，從88層的金茂大廈(Jinmao Tower)一躍而下。

potent ['p??t(?)nt]

adj.有效的；強(qiáng)有力的，有權(quán)勢(shì)的；有說服力的

With the completion of work on the 127-storey Shanghai Tower at the end of 2015, the city gained a potent new futurist symbol.

2015年底，隨著127層的上海中心大廈(Shanghai Tower)完工，該市獲得了新的、強(qiáng)有力的未來主義象征。

migrant workers

民工

Like most big Chinese construction projects of the past 35 years, Shanghai Tower was built by migrant workers from small cities and rural areas.

與過去35年大多數(shù)中國(guó)大型建筑項(xiàng)目一樣，上海中心大廈也是由來自小城市或農(nóng)村地區(qū)的民工建造的。

impending [?m'pend??]

adj.即將發(fā)生的；迫切的；懸掛的

Economists have theorised about the existence of a “skyscraper curse”: the world's tallest building often correlates with an impending economic crash.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家提出了“摩天大樓詛咒”的理論：世界上最高的建筑物往往與一場(chǎng)即將來臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰存在關(guān)聯(lián)。