“鄰避”是什么？才沒(méi)有業(yè)主維權(quán)這么簡(jiǎn)單

08“鄰避”是什么？才沒(méi)有業(yè)主維權(quán)這么簡(jiǎn)單

這是個(gè)好主意，但別弄在我家后院。——同一件事，有人看到的是“業(yè)主維權(quán)”，有人上升到“鄰避”的高度。是時(shí)候好好思考一下了。

“NIMBY”，是Not In My Back Yard的縮寫(xiě)，中文一般稱為“鄰避”。

NIMBY (an acronym for the phrase “Not In My Back Yard”), or Nimby (as a word, instead of an acronym), is a pejorative characterization of opposition by residents to a proposal for a new development because it is close to them (or, in some cases, because the development involves controversial or dangerous technology) often with the connotation that such residents believe that the developments are needed in society but should be further away.

NIMBY（“不要在我的后院”的縮寫(xiě)）是一種略帶貶義的描述，它是指居民因擔(dān)心某些新建項(xiàng)目（如開(kāi)發(fā)包含有爭(zhēng)議性或者危險(xiǎn)的科技），距離他們太近，從而滋生“不要建在我家后院”的心理，并采取反對(duì)甚至是抗議的行為。NIMBY還有一種隱含的意義：居民們覺(jué)得社會(huì)需要這樣的開(kāi)發(fā)，但是應(yīng)該離自己家遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。

The residents are often called Nimbies and their state of mind is called Nimbyism.

這樣的居民通常被稱為Nimbies（鄰避主義者），他們的思想狀態(tài)被稱為Nimbyism（鄰避主義）。

An airport is a typical example of a development that can cause a NIMBY reaction: though locals may benefit from improved transport links and new jobs, they may oppose it with objections to the noise, pollution and traffic it will generate.

機(jī)場(chǎng)就是一個(gè)典型的開(kāi)發(fā)導(dǎo)致鄰避反應(yīng)的例子：盡管當(dāng)?shù)乜赡軓母牧嫉慕煌屑~和更多的工作崗位中受益，但鄰避主義者可能反對(duì)，因?yàn)闄C(jī)場(chǎng)周邊會(huì)產(chǎn)生噪音、污染和交通問(wèn)題。

除了機(jī)場(chǎng)，被鄰避現(xiàn)象“趕跑”的項(xiàng)目五花八門(mén)：從住宅開(kāi)發(fā)到摩天大樓，從庇護(hù)所（homeless shelters）到工業(yè)園區(qū)，更別提軍事基地、監(jiān)獄……在鄰避現(xiàn)象面前，有時(shí)候市政規(guī)劃都是“浮云”。

“鄰避”主義者要求“Not in my back yard”的原因當(dāng)然也絕不只是“噪音大”、“擋我光”這么簡(jiǎn)單。

個(gè)人利益和社區(qū)發(fā)展之間的“討價(jià)還價(jià)”，甚至貧富矛盾的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，都可以從“鄰避”運(yùn)動(dòng)中窺見(jiàn)一斑。

影響風(fēng)景的通信塔

2011年1月25日，CBC News（加拿大廣播公司）報(bào)道了這樣一則新聞：

A group of people in the seaside community of Lawrence town, N.S., are trying to stop Eastlink from putting up a telecommunications tower in the area.

一群新斯科舍省Lawrencetown沿海社區(qū)的居民正在試圖阻止Eastlink（一家電視和通訊公司）在該區(qū)域建造一座通訊塔。

這一座76米高的通訊塔被設(shè)計(jì)建造在省立公園Lawrence town Beach Provincial Park附近。當(dāng)?shù)厝朔磳?duì)其建造的原因是，這種通訊塔的出現(xiàn)破壞了原本的風(fēng)景。

Jimmy Inch, who lives less than one kilometre from the proposed tower site, started an online petition against the tower's construction.

Jimmy Inch曾發(fā)起反對(duì)通訊塔建設(shè)的網(wǎng)上請(qǐng)?jiān)福@座塔的選址距離他居住范圍還不到1000米。

Inch said more than 250 people have signed the online petition, largely because of concerns about how the tower might affect tourism and the view of the area's beaches.

Inch說(shuō)已經(jīng)有超過(guò)了250人在網(wǎng)上請(qǐng)?jiān)干虾灻?，很大程度上出于這座塔將影響旅游業(yè)和該區(qū)域海灘的景觀的考慮。

同樣生活在該區(qū)域的Jamie Sommers表示：

The tower is not a natural fit with Lawrence town.

這座塔和Lawrence town的自然景色不搭。

后來(lái)，他們還在Facebook上創(chuàng)立了自己的主頁(yè)Stop Tower Scapes。目前，這場(chǎng)曠日持久的拉鋸戰(zhàn)仍在進(jìn)行中。你也可以通過(guò)他們的主頁(yè)，為這項(xiàng)請(qǐng)?jiān)竿渡弦黄薄?/p>

被迫“變道”的高速路

1980年代，一個(gè)名叫the Palm Beach County Expressway Authority的組織計(jì)劃興修一系列東西走向的高速公路，以完善度假勝地西棕櫚灘（West Palm Beach）的交通條件。

Many neighbors in areas such as Westgate and Lake Belvedere Estates strongly opposed this plan citing it would wipe out their neighborhoods.Ultimately the plan was revised to create SR-80 Boulevard into an express like roadway by eliminating traffic lights and overpassing other local roadways.

許多區(qū)域（如Westgate和Lake Belvedere Estates）的居民強(qiáng)烈地反對(duì)這一計(jì)劃，指出它將會(huì)毀掉他們的社區(qū)。最后這一計(jì)劃被修訂為將SR-80大道改建成一個(gè)快車(chē)道，移除交通信號(hào)燈、跨過(guò)其它的當(dāng)?shù)氐缆贰?/p>

搬遷失敗的少管學(xué)校

When Christian Zheng Sheng College, a correctional school for young drug addicts, opened in 1998, several people called it an eyesore.In June 2009, residents of Mui Wo voiced objection when they announced they are planning to move their campus into an empty school building there.

一所收留有毒癮年輕人的“改造學(xué)院”——香港基督教正生書(shū)院自1998年建立以來(lái)，就被一些人視為“眼中釘”。2009年6月，當(dāng)該學(xué)校宣布計(jì)劃把他們的校舍搬入香港梅窩一所閑置的學(xué)校建筑時(shí)，遭到了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆磳?duì)。

據(jù)香港《星島日?qǐng)?bào)》2016年7月18日?qǐng)?bào)道，正生書(shū)院爭(zhēng)取新校舍仍“無(wú)果”。

注：據(jù)香港電視節(jié)目《星期日檔案-正生書(shū)院的日與夜》報(bào)道，正生書(shū)院學(xué)生在入學(xué)時(shí)都已沒(méi)有毒癮。

被諷刺的冷漠鄰避主義者

2007年，位于英國(guó)薩里郡Ashtead村的居民反對(duì)將一座價(jià)值170萬(wàn)英鎊的住宅地產(chǎn)變?yōu)榧彝ブг?wù)中心（Family Support Centre）。這一處地產(chǎn)被一個(gè)SSAFA (Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Association) Forces Help的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)買(mǎi)下，該機(jī)構(gòu)致力于為英國(guó)受傷的士兵或者退伍老兵提供終身贍養(yǎng)（lifelong support）。

Local residents objected to the proposal out of fear of increased traffic and noise, as well as the possibility of an increased threat of terrorism.

當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窬芙^這個(gè)提議，因?yàn)閾?dān)心不斷增加的交通壓力和噪音影響，以及潛在增長(zhǎng)的恐怖主義威脅。

當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙對(duì)居民這樣的“鄰避”行為感到不滿，用辛辣的言辭對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行諷刺：

Nimby neighbours' war with wounded soldiers' families.

鄰避主義者向受傷士兵的家庭發(fā)起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

“No Heroes in my Backyard.”

“我們家里不歡迎英雄。”

從NIMBY，還衍生出來(lái)了一系列其他的縮寫(xiě)詞：

NIMN

Not In My Neighborhood

別在我的街區(qū)里

“NIMN”additionally refers to legislative actions or private agreements made with the sole purpose of maintaining racial identity within a particular neighborhood or residential area by forcefully keeping members of other races from moving into the area.

NIMN有一層額外的含義：一些立法行為或者私人協(xié)議，通過(guò)強(qiáng)制禁止其他種族的人搬進(jìn)該區(qū)域的方式，達(dá)到在一個(gè)街區(qū)或者住宅區(qū)維持種族認(rèn)同的目的。

NIABY

Not In Anyone's Backyard

別在任何人的后院里

比如一些核電設(shè)施的建設(shè)，就通常受制于NIABY主義。

此外，還有：

NAMBI-Not Against My Business or Industry

BANANA-Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything (Anyone)

甚至是

PIBBY-Place In Blacks' Back Yard

這樣歧視且冒犯的詞匯。

所以看似單純只出于業(yè)主意愿的“鄰避”現(xiàn)象，背后可能不僅僅是“業(yè)主維權(quán)”這樣簡(jiǎn)單。

這樣為了將“不安定因素”隔離在外、近乎“宣示主權(quán)”的行為，反映出的更深層的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象與矛盾，值得仔細(xì)思考。

詞匯總結(jié)

pejorative [p?'d??r?t?v]

adj.輕蔑的； [臨床]惡化的，變壞的

NIMBY (an acronym for the phrase “Not In My Back Yard”), or Nimby (as a word, instead of an acronym), is a pejorative characterization.

NIMBY（“不要在我的后院”的縮寫(xiě)）是一種略帶貶義的描述.

connotation [k?n?'te??(?)n]

n.內(nèi)涵；含蓄；暗示，隱含意義

NIMBY is often with the connotation that such residents believe that the developments are needed in society but should be further away.

NIMBY還有一種隱含的意義：居民們覺(jué)得社會(huì)需要這樣的開(kāi)發(fā)，但是應(yīng)該離自己家遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。

wipe out

消滅，徹底摧毀；垮臺(tái)；（滑雪等時(shí)的）翻倒；封閉

Many neighbours in areas such as Westgate and Lake Belvedere Estates strongly opposed this plan citing it would wipe out their neighbourhoods.

許多區(qū)域（如Westgate和Lake Belvedere Estates）的居民強(qiáng)烈地反對(duì)這一計(jì)劃，指出它將會(huì)毀掉他們的社區(qū)。

petition [p?'t??(?)n]

n.請(qǐng)?jiān)?；?qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)；祈求； [法]訴狀

Jimmy Inch, who lives less than one kilometre from the proposed tower site, started an online petition against the tower's construction.

Jimmy Inch曾發(fā)起反對(duì)通訊塔建設(shè)的網(wǎng)上請(qǐng)?jiān)福@座塔的選址距離他居住范圍還不到1000米。

eyesore ['a?s??]

n.眼中釘；難看的東西

When Christian Zheng Sheng College, a correctional school for young drug addicts, opened in 1998, several people called it an eyesore.

一所收留有毒癮年輕人的“改造學(xué)院”——香港基督教正生書(shū)院自1998年建立以來(lái)，就被一些人視為“眼中釘”。