24節(jié)氣英語怎么說？這么美的名字藏著這么美的智慧

今日是二十四節(jié)氣中的“春分”，你知道它用英語怎么說嗎？去年11月，聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）正式通過決議，將二十四節(jié)氣納入人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。這二十四個(gè)日子，蘊(yùn)藏著多大的智慧？跟著UNESCO的介紹，一起來認(rèn)識(shí)下這就在身邊的珍貴文化遺產(chǎn)吧。

There's an ancient observatory in Dengfeng City, Henan province, which was used to observe the changes of season and climate according to the sun shadow so as to arrange farming activities and daily life.Even today, it remains an important cultural space for young generations to learn the Twenty-four Solar Terms.

在河南省登封市，坐落著一座古老的天文臺(tái)。它曾被用來通過觀測(cè)影子，來獲取季節(jié)和氣候變化，并借此安排農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)和人們的日常生活。即便是今天，它還是一個(gè)重要的文化場(chǎng)所，教育年輕一代學(xué)習(xí)“二十四節(jié)氣”。

圖片來源：UNESCO

The Twenty-four Solar Terms is a knowledge system and social practices through which the Chinese organize their perception of astronomical laws and their relation with the natural world.

二十四節(jié)氣是一項(xiàng)知識(shí)體系，也是一系列社會(huì)活動(dòng)。中國人通過它們來建立對(duì)天文定律和人與自然之間的感知。

Ancient Chinese divided the circle of the annual motion of the sun into 24 equal segments, each segment was called a Jie Qi or solar term.Hence the 24 segments are collectively called the Twenty-four Solar Terms.

古時(shí)候的中國人將觀測(cè)到的一年里太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)周期24等分，每一片段就被稱為一個(gè)“節(jié)氣”。這24個(gè)片段就稱為“二十四節(jié)氣”。

它們是：

Beginning of Spring

立春

Rain Water

雨水

Insects Awakening

驚蟄

Spring Equinox

春分

Fresh Green

清明

Green Rain

谷雨

Beginning of Summer

立夏

Lesser Fullness

小滿

Grain In Ear

芒種

Summer Solstice

夏至

Lesser Heat

小暑

Greater Heat

大暑

Beginning of Autumn

立秋

End of Heat

處暑

White Dew

白露

Autumnal Equinox

秋分

Cold Dew

寒露

First Frost

霜降

Beginning of Winter

立冬

Light Snow

小雪

Heavy Snow

大雪

Winter Solstice

冬至

Lesser Cold

小寒

Greater Cold

大寒

In international meteorology, this cognitive system of time has been given the title of the Fifth Great Invention of China.

在國際氣象學(xué)中，這一時(shí)間知識(shí)體系被冠以“中國第五大發(fā)明”的美名。

For thousands of years, the Twenty-four Solar Terms has profoundly influenced Chinese people's way of thinking and code of conduct.It is both an important carrier of Chinese cultural identity and vivid evidence of the cultural diversity of humanity

幾千年來，二十四節(jié)氣深深地影響著中國人的思考方式和行為規(guī)律。它既是中華文明的重要載體，也是華夏文化多樣性的生動(dòng)證明。

The Twenty-four Solar Terms originated in the Yellow River reaches.The criteria for its formulation were the observation of changes of astronomical time sequence, air temperature, precipitation as well as other local natural phenomena.It was progressively applied as a time directory in the production and life of agricultural society and then shared by many ethnic groups

二十四節(jié)氣發(fā)源于黃河流域。它的劃分依據(jù)是天文時(shí)間、溫度、降水和當(dāng)?shù)仄渌匀滑F(xiàn)象。二十四節(jié)氣隨后在農(nóng)耕生產(chǎn)和生活中，漸漸被作為時(shí)間指南，隨后流傳到其他民族中去。

This heritage has been permeating almost all aspects of Chinese people's lives.Upon a specific Solar Term, people spontaneously arranged farming and daily life, thus this traditional knowledge is sustained through ritual practices and folk activities

這一遺產(chǎn)已經(jīng)滲透到中國人生活里的各個(gè)方面。在節(jié)氣系統(tǒng)的指引下，人們自發(fā)地安排農(nóng)業(yè)和日常生活，這一傳統(tǒng)學(xué)問也影響著宗教行為和民俗活動(dòng)。

The term Beginning of Spring is an important period to initiate plowing.Various regional ceremonies such as Welcoming Spring, Touching Spring Ox, Singing for Spring, Doing Obeisance to Spring, Tasting Spring etc., are held to worship the God of Spring and encourage farming and sericulture.

“立春”是開始耕作的重要時(shí)期。迎春、摸春牛、唱春歌、拜春、嘗春等各種各樣的地區(qū)性儀式紛紛舉辦，祭拜春神，喚起人們對(duì)農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)的熱情。

On Beginning of Autumn, the Miao People in Huayuan County, Hunan, celebrate Autumn Fair：they greet guests, perform dragon and drum dance, play eight-person swing, sing folks songs rejoicing for the favorable weather and the golden harvest.The Twenty-four Solar Terms is not only a guide to spring plowing, summer weeding, autumn harvesting and winter storing, but also the crystallization of the wisdom of China's agricultural civilization.It still serves as an important reference for forecasting the farming season and preventing natural calamities.

立秋，湖南花垣縣的苗族人慶祝“趕秋節(jié)”：他們邀請(qǐng)客人，舞起龍、打起腰鼓，表演八人秋千，唱民歌，慶祝怡人的天氣和豐收。二十四節(jié)氣不僅僅可以指導(dǎo)春耕、夏耘、秋收、冬藏，它還是中國農(nóng)業(yè)文明智慧的結(jié)晶。在預(yù)測(cè)農(nóng)時(shí)季節(jié)、預(yù)防自然災(zāi)害方面，二十四節(jié)氣也是重要的參考。

圖片來源：UNESCO

“Plowed on Insects Awakening, the fields will be perfect for planting by Spring Equinox”, many similar farming proverbs related to the solar terms have been widely spread and continue playing a role in nowadays agriculture

“驚蟄一犁土，春分地氣通”，許多類似和節(jié)氣有關(guān)的農(nóng)諺都廣為流傳，直到現(xiàn)在在農(nóng)業(yè)中也扮演著重要角色。

“White geese flying over announced the coming of the First Frost, while the sound comes from the green woods.” When the day of First Frost arrives, the fields in the rural area of Dengfeng City of Henan exhibit a bustling scene of sweet potato digging.

“鴻飛霜降”，霜降來臨之時(shí)，在河南省登封市的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，人們就開始忙碌著挖紅薯了。

在這個(gè)霜降以后呢才開始出紅薯。早了這紅薯正在長(zhǎng)，晚了就要結(jié)凍，一結(jié)凍紅薯就要凍壞。

We don't start to collect sweet potatoes until the very day of the First Frost; doing it earlier they are still unripe; if too late, they may freeze and get rotten.

Meanwhile in Tiandeng County of Guangxi, the First Frost Festival of the Zhuang people is held to give thanks to nature and celebrate the harvest.

同時(shí)，在廣西天等縣，壯族人舉辦“霜降節(jié)”，來表示對(duì)自然的感激，同時(shí)慶祝豐收。

In the view of Chinese people, the rhythm of life is closely connected with the Solar Terms.This view inspires China's peculiar ways of keeping good health.In Banshan, Hangzhou city, on Beginning of Summer, people hold traditional activities to keep fit such as eating black sticky rice and climbing mountains.

在中國人看來，生活的節(jié)奏和節(jié)氣緊緊聯(lián)系在一起。這樣的視角還衍生出中國人特有的養(yǎng)生之道。杭州半山，立夏節(jié)氣，人們還保持著吃黑糯米飯、登山等傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)，來保持身體健康。

According to Huang Di Nei Jing, or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, the Yang of the human body should be nourished in spring and summer, and the Yin in autumn and winter, and winter diseases should be cured in summer.This wisdom witnesses the principle of “treatment based on syndromes” in traditional Chinese medicine.

根據(jù)《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》，人體的陽氣需要在春夏進(jìn)補(bǔ)，陰氣則在秋冬滋養(yǎng)，冬病夏治。這樣的智慧都遵循著傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)“對(duì)癥下藥”的原則。

Today, the Twenty-four Solar Terms has been incorporated into Chinese curricula of primary and middle schools.From there early age, students memorize the Song of Solar Terms to develop the concept of time and understand nature.

如今，二十四節(jié)氣已經(jīng)被編寫進(jìn)中國小學(xué)和初中課程。學(xué)生從小就要背誦《節(jié)氣歌》，建立對(duì)時(shí)間和自然的概念。

“To comply with the mandates of heaven and time and act accordingly” has become a way to learn from nature, uphold harmony and cherish life which characterizes the Chinese spirit

“順應(yīng)四時(shí)”已成為了華夏文化從自然中汲取知識(shí)、崇尚和諧、尊重生命的特征。

The concepts of Unity of Heaven and Man and Circulation of the Yin and Yang in traditional Chinese philosophy are the core thinking behind the Twenty-four Solar Terms, which express the cultural spirit of harmony between man and man, and between man and nature.This thinking not only cultivates Chinese respect for the law of nature and the rhythm of life, but also creates the ideal of social life featuring natural balance and emphasis on harmony

傳統(tǒng)中國哲學(xué)天人合一、陰陽更替的概念是二十四節(jié)氣背后的核心思想，這表達(dá)了人與人之間、人與自然之間和諧共處的文化精神。這樣的思想不僅僅培養(yǎng)了中國人尊重自然和生命規(guī)律的精神，同時(shí)孕育了遵循自然平衡、追求和諧的理想社會(huì)生活。

The Twenty-four Solar Terms is a vehicle of traditional knowledge and folk wisdom such as astronomy, farming, sericulture, natural history, first education, arithmetic and healthcare.At the same time, it is a harmonious integration of cultural expressions such as belief, rituals, poetry, storytelling, opera, proverbs, folk fine arts, chess, calligraphy and painting.This heritage has inspired the cultural creativity of modern Chinese, it has nourished the growth of public sculpture, architectural decoration, music and dance, literature, film and TV production, children's picture books and even the latest digital applications.

二十四節(jié)氣是一個(gè)媒介，連接著傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)和民間智慧，比如天文、耕作、養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)、博物學(xué)、啟蒙教育、算數(shù)學(xué)和養(yǎng)生學(xué)。與此同時(shí)，它還是信仰、典禮、詩歌、傳說、戲劇、諺語、民間藝術(shù)、象棋、書法、繪畫等文化表達(dá)的和諧集合。這一文化遺產(chǎn)奠定了現(xiàn)代中國文化，還促進(jìn)了公共雕塑、建筑裝飾、音樂舞蹈、文學(xué)作品、電影電視、兒童圖書，甚至最新電子應(yīng)用的發(fā)展。

The Twenty-four Solar Terms have long been integrated in calendars universally adopted by the country and coexist with the traditional calendars of the Tibetan and Yi peoples.It pervades the history and reality of multi-ethnic China and reflects the same cultural emotions and time experiences.

二十四節(jié)氣一直以來都廣泛地被融入到日歷中，并且為中國人使用。傳統(tǒng)藏歷、彝歷也結(jié)合了二十四節(jié)氣。它已經(jīng)融入中國多民族的歷史和現(xiàn)狀中，反映了民族間彼此相通的文化情感和時(shí)間經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

On Beginning of Spring, the Spring Tellers of Shiqian county, Guizhou province go from door to door, talking and singing melodies in Dong, Tujia, Miao, Gelao and other ethnic languages to pray for a good harvest in a vivid display of harmony among different ethnic groups.

立春時(shí)節(jié)，在貴州石阡縣，“春官”挨家挨戶地拜訪，用侗族、土家族、苗族、仡佬族語言“說春”，祈愿豐收，生動(dòng)展現(xiàn)了各個(gè)民族和諧共處。

Fresh Green not merely indicates a ceremony in spring during which people go hiking and outing, but also a traditional festival of ancestor worship, as well as a spiritual bond of cultural identity unifying the Chinese people.Since 2008, the day of Fresh Green has become a national holiday.

清明節(jié)不只是春天里人們遠(yuǎn)足登高的節(jié)日。它還是中國人祭拜祖先、將炎黃子孫團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的精神紐帶。從2008年起，清明節(jié)成為了法定節(jié)假日。

On Winter Solstice, southerners eat Dong Zhi Yuan or glue puddings which symbolize the happy family and harmonious society, while northerners share dumplings in the community to encourage good deeds as in the “1000-person dumpling banquet”.This heritage plays a significant role in promoting the cultural identity of communities, ethnic groups and the country

冬至，中國南方人吃“冬至圓”，象征家庭團(tuán)圓、鄰里和睦；北方人辦“千人餃子宴”，與街坊鄰居分享餃子，增進(jìn)感情。這一習(xí)俗對(duì)于增進(jìn)社區(qū)、族群、乃至國家的文化認(rèn)同感，起了重要作用。

It not only arouses the cultural self-consciousness of the young generation, but also enhances dialogues between different cultures and is compatible with sustainable development.

二十四節(jié)氣不僅喚醒了年輕一代的文化自我認(rèn)知，同時(shí)增進(jìn)了不同文化之間的對(duì)話交流，符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

To ensure the intergenerational transmission and viability of the heritage, with participation of

communities groups and individuals concerned, we draw up a five-year safeguarding plan featuring the following measures:

為了保證這一遺產(chǎn)代代相傳、永煥光彩，在一些群體和個(gè)人的關(guān)心下，聯(lián)合國教科文組織起草了二十四節(jié)氣五年保護(hù)計(jì)劃，具體如下：

The Five-year Action Plan （2017–2021）

Organize regular exchange activities and training classes in communities

在社群內(nèi)，組織定期交流活動(dòng)和培訓(xùn)課程；

Establish training centers and improve the mechanism of transmission

建立培訓(xùn)中心，提高文化傳遞效率；

Carry out surveys, recordings and digitalized documentation

進(jìn)行調(diào)查，記錄并數(shù)字化成果文件；

Prepare reports on safeguarding and restore related places for practice

準(zhǔn)備宣傳文化保護(hù)意識(shí)，重修相關(guān)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所；

Set up website columns to enhance visibility and public awareness

建立網(wǎng)頁專欄，強(qiáng)化計(jì)劃透明度，增強(qiáng)公眾意識(shí)；

Collect related cultural objects, and hold exhibitions

收集相關(guān)文物，舉辦展覽；

Compile reading materials for children to promote transmission

編譯閱讀材料，供兒童閱讀，促進(jìn)傳承；

Organize academic activities to encourage dialogues and exchanges

組織學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)，鼓勵(lì)對(duì)話和交流。

節(jié)氣歌

春雨驚春清谷天，夏滿芒夏暑相連。

秋處露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。

詞匯總結(jié)

the Twenty-four Solar Terms 二十四節(jié)氣

Even today, it remains an important cultural space for young generations to learn the Twenty-four Solar Terms.

即便是今天，它還是一個(gè)重要的文化場(chǎng)所，教育年輕一代學(xué)習(xí)“二十四節(jié)氣”。

the Yellow River reaches 黃河流域

The Twenty-four Solar Terms originated in the Yellow River reaches.

二十四節(jié)氣發(fā)源于黃河流域。

precipitation[pr?,s?p?'te??（?）n]

n.降水；冰雹；墜落；魯莽；[化學(xué)]沉淀，[化學(xué)]沉淀物

The criteria for its formulation were the observation of changes of astronomical time sequence, air temperature, precipitation as well as other local natural phenomena.

它的劃分依據(jù)是天文時(shí)間、溫度、降水和當(dāng)?shù)仄渌匀滑F(xiàn)象。

farming proverb 農(nóng)諺

“Plowed on Insects Awakening, the fields will be perfect for planting by Spring Equinox”, many similar farming proverbs related to the solar terms have been widely spread and continue playing a role in nowadays agriculture

“驚蟄一犁土，春分地氣通”，許多類似和節(jié)氣有關(guān)的農(nóng)諺都廣為流傳，直到現(xiàn)在在農(nóng)業(yè)中也扮演著重要角色。

glue pudding 湯圓

On Winter Solstice, southerners eat Dong Zhi Yuan or glue puddings which symbolize the happy family and harmonious society.

冬至，中國南方人吃“冬至圓”，象征家庭團(tuán)圓、鄰里和睦。