虛擬語氣考點 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣

考點1 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣

1. 非真實條件句

（1）虛擬現(xiàn)在時（與現(xiàn)在事實相反），從句謂語形式用動詞的過去式（be一般用were，而不用was），主句謂語形式為“should（would, could, might）+動詞原形”。

If I knew her number I could ring her up.

要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就可以給她打電話了。（事實是我不知道）

（2）虛擬過去時（與過去事實相反），從句謂語形式用“had+過去分詞”，主句謂語形式為“should（would, could, might）+have+過去分詞”。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

要是我們當(dāng)時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。（事實是我們沒能早點找到他）

（3）虛擬將來時（與將來事實相反），從句謂語形式用動詞的一般過去式，或“were to+動詞原形”或“should+動詞原形”，主句謂語形式“should（would, could, might）+動詞原形”。

If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us.

如果我懇求他，他肯定會幫助我們。（事實是我不打算懇求他）

注意特殊情況

① 虛擬條件從句和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致時，主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種現(xiàn)象稱為錯綜時間虛擬條件句。

If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.

如果你上次見他時和他說過話，你就會知道你現(xiàn)在要做些什么。（過去+現(xiàn)在）

② 若虛擬條件句中含有were或had, should等助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，連詞if可以省略，而將were, had, should提前，構(gòu)成倒裝語序。

Were I in your position（=If I were in your position）I would go.

如果我處在你的處境，我就走了。

Had you arrived five minutes earlier（=If you had arrived five minutes earlier）, you could have seen them off. 如果你早到五分鐘，你就可以給他們送行了。

Should he come（=If he should come）, tell him to ring me up.

如果他來的話，叫他打電話給我。

③ 利用語境不直接說出條件的句子稱為含蓄虛擬條件句。

A. 用介詞引入條件

* but for（若不是，如沒有）：注意，凡是出現(xiàn)這個復(fù)合介詞的句子，必須要用虛擬語氣。

We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.（=We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.）如果沒有下雨，我們的旅程會很愉快。

* without/with（在不具備/具備……的條件下）。

Without his help, I could not have done it well.（=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.）要是沒有他的幫助，我們不可能做得這么順利。

With favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.（=If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.）要是順風(fēng)的話，我們可能兩天后就抵達(dá)那里了。

B. 分詞短語充當(dāng)條件狀語（分詞短語本身就具有充當(dāng)條件狀語的功能）。

Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.（=If he had been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.）要是能有一定的機(jī)會，他也許就能展示出更大的才能。

C. 用上下文暗示條件。常用來表示不具備條件的連詞，如：but, or或otherwise等。

I would have failed but that you helped me. 要不是你們幫助我，我就會失敗。（but表示讓步關(guān)系，意為“除非，要不是”，常與that一起構(gòu)成but that，相當(dāng)于if... not...）

I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it.（If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.）那時我很忙，否則我早就完成了。

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.

我可能會給你更多的幫助的，但那時我太忙了。

More water and the young trees couldn’t have died.（=If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.）如果你給那些小樹多澆點水，它們就不會死了。

2. as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句

在as if或as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句中，用過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑；用過去完成時表示對過去事實或過去想象中的動作或情況。

The teacher treats the pupil as if/as though he were her own child.

這位老師對待這位學(xué)生就像對自己的孩子一樣。（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）

He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lighting.

他看起來像曾經(jīng)被雷擊過似的。（對過去的虛擬）

They talked and talked as if/as though they would never meet again.

他們說啊說，就好像他們再也見不到對方了一樣。（對將來的虛擬）