69　其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型　Track67

 

在英文中，除了上述兩大類虛擬語(yǔ)氣句以外，還有其他一些句型表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。它們無法列入前兩節(jié)提到的任何一類，所以在此將它們一一單列，分別討論。
（1）在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中
這是大家非常熟悉的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型，它用來表示說話者難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的或與事實(shí)相反的愿望，具有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩?？煞謩e表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情景的虛擬。
1）對(duì)現(xiàn)狀表示的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)，意指從句謂語(yǔ)和主句謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
a.I wish I were a little younger.
b.I wish I could travel to the moon. (But I can't do that.)
c.I wish I knew his address. (But I don't know his address.)
d.Whenever something goes wrong, I just push this little reset button and restart. I wish my whole life were like that!
e.Sometimes I wish I_________in a different time and a different place.
A. be living
B. were living
C. would live
D. would have lived
正確答案：B。
2）對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾、后悔，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)（had done）或would/could +現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have done），意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前。
a.I wish I had been there.
b.I wish I had not attended that party.
c.I wish I_________with you to the concert last night.
A. could have gone
B. went
C. could go
D. have gone
正確答案：A。
3）對(duì)將來發(fā)生的事情表示祝愿、期許等，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形，意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之后。
a.I wish he could explain what he means.
b.I wish you would shut up .
注意：即使將wish改為wished，上述例句虛擬語(yǔ)氣句中的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)仍然不變。
（2）在If only感嘆句中
If only表示“但愿”、“要是……就好了”，它的用法和wish基本相同，可以表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過去、將來的虛擬，只是比wish的感情色彩更強(qiáng)烈。
a.If only he had followed your advice!（對(duì)過去虛擬）
b.If only I were taller.（對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬）
c.If only the rain would stop .（對(duì)將來虛擬）
d.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_________your advice.
A. follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
正確答案：B。
（3）在as if/as though從句中
1）表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)。
I really don't care for the way you’re speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father.
2）表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)。
We have not seen each other for ten solid years, but when we encountered on the street that day, we were still so affectionate that it seemed as if not a single day had gone by .
注意：若從句中的情形是根據(jù)現(xiàn)在跡象做出推測(cè)，有可能發(fā)生，則用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
a.It is becoming dark. It looks as if it's going to rain.
b.It seems as if he has been to America.
（4）在It is (high) time (that) 從句中
表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”，含有“晚了一點(diǎn)”的意思，從句中用一般過去時(shí)。
a.Don't dawdle away your youth any more. It is time you thought about your future.
b.It seems to be high time that this argument_________put to an end.
A. must be
B. is
C. were
D. should be
正確答案：C。
c."You are very selfish. It's high time you_________that you are not the most important person in the world," Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized
B. have realized
C. realize
D. should realize
正確答案：A。
在下列對(duì)話中體會(huì)這種“晚了一點(diǎn)”的含義。
d.Man: The school had the football field redone over the summer.
Woman: It's about time.
Q：What does the woman imply?
A. Summer is a good time for repairs.
B. The field had been in poor shape.
C. It's too hot to play football in the summer.
D. The work on the football field is almost finished.
正確答案：B。
e.A: Let's get this desk in order.
B: Yes, it's about time we cleared it off .
Q: What can be inferred about the desk?
A. It isn't placed right.
B. There isn't enough time to clear it off.
C. A new desk has been ordered to replace it.
D. It has needed reorganizing for quite a while.
正確答案：D。
（5）在would rather, would (just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer等從句中
意指“某人寧愿讓另一個(gè)人做某事”。其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?，從句謂語(yǔ)必須用一般過去時(shí)；表示過去已經(jīng)做的事，從句謂語(yǔ)則用過去完成時(shí)。
a.I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.
b.I'd as soon you hadn't spoken rudely to her.
c.Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.（不用would come）
d.She says she'd rather he left tomorrow instead of today.（不用would leave）
e.You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you_________on business first.
A. would go
B. will go
C. went
D. have gone
正確答案：C。
f.Wouldn't you rather your child_________to bed early?
A. go
B. went
C. would go
D. goes
正確答案：B。
需要提醒讀者注意的是would rather, would (just) as soon等若不是接賓語(yǔ)從句，而是直接和動(dòng)詞連用，則要用動(dòng)詞原形，表示主語(yǔ)本身“寧愿要做某事”。
g.I would rather go there tomorrow.
h.He would rather stay indoors than go to the cinema tonight.
i.He would rather not stay at home tonight.（否定要在動(dòng)詞前面加not，而不是在would后面加not）