64　名詞從句的簡化　Track62

 

邏輯思路：英文中只有動名詞和不定式具有名詞特征，可以當成名詞來使用。所以屬于名詞類的名詞從句自然可以簡化成兩種形式：一是簡化為動名詞，二是簡化為不定式。
（1）名詞從句與動名詞
由that引導的名詞從句一般換成動名詞來表達，通常采用動名詞復合結構的形式。
1） that引導的主語從句簡化：
直接用動名詞復合結構來替換主語從句，放在句首作主語。
a.It surprised us that John won the marathon .
b. That John won the marathon surprised us.
c. John's winning the marathon surprised us.
d. That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.
e. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.
2） that引導的同位語從句簡化：
簡化同位語從句時，先要在同位語從句所修飾的名詞后邊加上介詞，通常是用of來表示同位關系，然后把從句換成動名詞復合結構。
a.There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive . 戴維不可能從戰(zhàn)場上生還。
b.There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive .
c.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion that economic recovery would be just around the corner was untrue.
任何人只要稍稍看一眼目前失業(yè)率的數(shù)據(jù)就能知道，有關經(jīng)濟復蘇即將到來的斷言是不符合事實的。
d.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.
e.We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite .
f.We were greatly encouraged by the news of China having launched another man-made satellite.
3） that引導的賓語從句簡化：
賓語從句的簡化較復雜，可轉換成不定式或動名詞，這與主句謂語動詞的用法密切相關。
a.I hope that I can drive to work in my own car .
我希望能夠開著自己的車去上班。
b.I hope to drive to work in my own car .（hope后要接不定式）
c.I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future .
d.I consider emigrating to America in the future. （consider后要接動名詞）
有的動詞后邊還需接介詞。
e.Jane's mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
f.Jane's mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
綜上所述，賓語從句要簡化成動名詞還是不定式形式，完全取決于主句謂語動詞。因此，我們要熟練掌握動詞的用法。在前文“48動名詞作賓語”已分別列出過接動名詞或不定式作賓語的常用易錯動詞。
（2）名詞從句與不定式
能簡化成不定式的名詞從句一般有兩個共同的特征：
1）名詞從句謂語往往含有情態(tài)意義，多見的是should, can和could。
2）通常是連接代詞、連接副詞以及whether引導的名詞從句。
a.I don't know what I should do.
b.I don't know what to do.
c.Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.
d.Please tell me how to get to the bus station.
e.She can't decide whether she should go with him or stay home.
f.She can't decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.
g.I haven't decided whether I should vote for Clint.
h.I haven't decided whether to vote for Clint.