26　原因狀語從句　Track25

 

（1）原因狀語從句常見連詞
我們常用的連詞有because，for，as，since。具體區(qū)別在《英語語法新思維　基礎(chǔ)版2》一書中已有詳解，在此不再贅述。

 

 
（2）用介詞表示因果關(guān)系
常用的介詞有because of, due to（不用在句首），owing to（常用于句首）。
因為是介詞，所以后邊只能接名詞來表示原因，而不接從句。請比較：
a.We had an accident because he was careless.
由于他粗心大意，我們出了車禍。
b.We had an accident due to his carelessness .（不能說...due to he was careless.*）
c. Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.
（3） because的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
在主句是否定的情況下，because引導(dǎo)的從句的翻譯可分為1）和2）兩種情形：
1）兩種理解方式：
a.I didn't attend the meeting because he was present , too.
翻譯1：因為他也出席，所以我沒有去參加這個會議。
作這種理解時，原句主句和從句之間應(yīng)該有一逗號：
I didn't attend the meeting, because he was present , too.
否則可以有下列理解方式：
翻譯2：我出席這次會議并不是因為有他參加。
原句相當(dāng)于：I attended the meeting, not because he was present, too.
這種形式上是否定主句，但在意思上是否定原因從句的情形我們稱之為 否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 同樣的句子還有：
b.I did not marry her because I loved her.
翻譯1：因為我愛她，所以我決定不跟她結(jié)婚。（不結(jié)婚是為了她的幸福）
翻譯2：我并不是因為愛她才和她結(jié)婚。（而是因為她有錢或其他原因）= I married her, not because I loved her but for some other reasons.
2）只能作為否定轉(zhuǎn)移來理解：
a.I don't study English just because I like to.
只能翻譯為：我學(xué)英文并不只是因為我喜歡英文。（有其他原因，比如工作需要）
b.Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me . Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.
我選擇教書，并不是因為教書對我來說很容易。相反，在我嘗試過的眾多謀生方式當(dāng)中，教書對我來說其實是最難的。我選擇教書，不是因為我知道答案，也并不是因為我自認(rèn)為自己學(xué)識淵博因而想要急切去炫耀。
我們來看一道托福聽力題：
c.He doesn't exercise because he likes to.
A. He likes to exercise by himself.
B. He exercises for reasons other than enjoyment.
C. He's glad he doesn't have to exercise.
D. He doesn't have enough time to exercise.
正確答案：B。
分析：doesn't否定的不是exercise，而是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中的likes，此時likes應(yīng)該重讀。所以選B。
d.The conference's purpose is to demonstrate that we’re all continuing to focus on the economy as the president promised to do when he came into office and that means not sitting around and patting yourself on the back because of the unemployment and inflation rates being low.
此次會議的目的就是要證明我們正一直致力于發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，這正如我們總統(tǒng)上臺執(zhí)政時所承諾的。我們政府并沒有因為較低的失業(yè)率和通貨膨脹率就無所事事，沾沾自喜。
3）其他類似的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移不局限于because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。一般來說，句中什么詞重讀就否定什么詞。
a.He won't go to just any school.
A. He's the only one who won't go with us.
B. He just won't go to school.
C. He'11 probably study in several locations.
D. He's particular about where he goes to school.
正確答案：D。
分析：此句中any重讀，即表明“他”并不是隨隨便便上一個學(xué)校就算了，而是對上什么學(xué)校是很在乎的（particular），所以選D。
b.I didn't write that memo to the department chair to amuse myself.
A. I wrote a funny letter to department chair.
B. I don't think the department will write me a letter.
C. The department chair was amused by my letter.
D. I wrote to the department chair about a serious matter.
正確答案：D。
c.I didn't spend three hours repairing your vacuum so it could sit in the closet.
我花了三小時把你的吸塵器修理好并不是為了把它放在儲藏室不用。
（4）其他復(fù)合連詞表示原因
1） seeing (that)，now (that)，considering (that)，given (that)與since相近，它們都有“鑒于某個事實，考慮到……”的意思。
a. Seeing that it's raining hard, we'll have to stay here for the night.
b.They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.
c. Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
d. Now that the semester is finished, I'm going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
e. Now that you are sixteen, you can get a driver's license.
2） in that的基本意思是“原因就在于……”，其引導(dǎo)的從句要放在主句后邊，而且主句通常是在做比較。
a.The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.　這個女孩很像她媽媽，原因在于她的感情也很細(xì)膩。
b.Britain's press is unusual in that it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
英國報業(yè)與眾不同，原因就在于它的報紙分為內(nèi)容嚴(yán)肅的大報和通俗報紙兩種截然不同的類型。
c.Mercury differs from other industrial metals in that it is a liquid.　水銀不同于其他種類的工業(yè)金屬，原因就在于它是液體的。
d.Liquids are like solids_________they have a definite volume.
A. in that
B. for that
C. with that
D. at that
正確答案：A。
e.Lhasa is unique_________it is the highest city in China.
A. on that
B. so that
C. for that
D. in that
正確答案：D。
3） not that...but that意思是“不是因為……而是因為……”。
I haven't finished writing the report yet, not that I'm lazy, but that I have no time.
4）此外inasmuch as，insomuch as，in as much as，in so much as也可表原因，但顯得比較文縐縐，不太常用，通常只用于很正式的書面語或演講中。
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.