41 現(xiàn)在完成時用法（二）：發(fā)生在過去但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài)　Track 041

表示在不確定的過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。謂語動詞一般為短暫性動詞。這種完成時態(tài)往往較難理解，也常常和一般過去時混淆不清。

 
注：圖中黑點表示過去某一時刻發(fā)生的動作；虛線表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。
例句
a. He has broken his leg.
他跌斷了腿。（言外之意是：Now he is still in hospital, so he can’t go for an outing with his classmates.他現(xiàn)在還在住院，所以不能和同學(xué)們一起去郊游。）
b. He broke his leg.
他腿摔斷過。（單純表示一種過去的經(jīng)歷，但現(xiàn)在腿已經(jīng)好了。）
c. A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers. The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely, “Miss, NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.” “Really?” the girl took off the slippers and carried them in her hands, “Then I will go in bare-footedly.” “Oh, my god!” the ticket-examiner cried out,“Fortunately, I have not told her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.”
d. —What has happened to Jane? She is crying.
— She broke the dining-room window. She has to face the music（勇于承擔(dān)后果） when her father gets home.
e. Mr. Odds works in a bank and lives on his own. The only family he has is in the next town: his sister lives there with her husband, and her son,Mark. Last week Mr. Odds had a surprise. He drove home from the bank at the usual time, driving neither too slowly nor too fast; he parked his car where he always parked it, out of the way of other cars, and he went inside to make his evening meal. Straight away, there was a knock at the door. Mr. Odds opened the door, to find a policeman standing on the doorstep.
“What have I done wrong?” Mr. Odds asked himself. “Have I driven on the wrong side of the road? Has there been some trouble at the bank?
Have I forgotten to pay an important bill?”
“Hello, Uncle,” said the policeman, “My name’s Mark.”
歐茲先生在一家銀行工作，獨自生活。姐姐是他唯一的親人，與其丈夫和兒子馬克住在鄰近的鎮(zhèn)子上。上周歐茲先生遇上了一件讓他吃驚的事。他照常從銀行下班后開車回家，車速不快也不慢。他把車停在老地方，沒有擋住其他車的路。然后進門就開始做晚飯。很快，就有人敲門。歐茲先生打開門，看見臺階上站著一位警察。
歐茲先生心想：“我做錯什么了嗎？是開車逆行了？是銀行工作中出了問題？還是某個重要賬單我忘了付錢？”
“你好，舅舅，”那位警察說道，“我是馬克。”
f.You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it______undrinkable by now.
A.became
B.had become
C.has become
D.becomes
正確答案：C
句意：你本該把牛奶放在冰箱里的，我想現(xiàn)在這牛奶已經(jīng)不能喝了。
“牛奶變質(zhì)”是過去某一時刻的動作，但其對現(xiàn)在有影響，即現(xiàn)在牛奶已經(jīng)不能喝了。
這種現(xiàn)在完成時的特點下文將詳細討論
。