22 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則 Track21
對于可數(shù)名詞的學(xué)習(xí),重點是要掌握可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律。
1)一般在詞尾加-s
desk/desks book/books hand/hands dog/dogs
bee/bees face/faces orange/oranges
2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-es
class/classes box/boxes match/matches bush/bushes
特別注意:以-ch結(jié)尾的名詞,若-ch發(fā)[k]音,則加-s。例如:stomach/stomachs。
3)以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,變-y為-i,再加-es;而以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,則直接加-s
country/countries family/families baby/babies lady/ladies
play/plays boy/boys guy/guys donkey/donkeys
monkey/monkeys key/keys
4)其他特殊變化的名詞
①以o結(jié)尾的名詞:
potato/potatoes tomato/tomatoes hero/heroes
piano/pianos photo/photos radio/radios
studio/studios bamboo/bamboos zoo/zoos
②以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞:
A. 變f,fe為v,再加es
half/halves一半 knife/knives小刀 leaf/leaves樹葉
life/lives生命 self/selves自身 shelf/shelves架子
thief/thieves賊 wife/wives妻子 wolf/wolves狼
B. 直接加s
belief/beliefs信仰 chief/chiefs首領(lǐng) cliff/cliffs懸崖
proof/proofs證據(jù) roof/roofs屋頂
③單復(fù)數(shù)同形:
aircraft飛行器 deer鹿 giraffe長頸鹿 sheep綿羊
④man/woman及“man/woman+名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞:
man/men woman/women
“man/woman+名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,兩個詞均須變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù):
man teacher/men teachers男老師
man doctor/men doctors男醫(yī)生
man servant/men servants男仆
woman pilot/women pilots女飛行員
woman journalist/women journalists女記者
⑤“名詞+介詞或介詞短語”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,將主體名詞(或叫中心名詞)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。例如:
passer-by/passers-by過路人
runner-up/runners-up亞軍
looker-on/lookers-on旁觀者
mother-in-law/mothers-in-law岳母/婆婆
editor-in-chief/editors-in-chief總編
bride-to-be/brides-to-be即將成為新娘的人
What Is Bigamy?
Lawyer: Do you know what bigamy is?
Jackson: Yes. I'll have two mothers-in-law.
何謂重婚罪?
律師:你知道什么是重婚罪嗎?
杰克遜:知道,就是我會有兩個岳母。