英語早間課堂:話說地道美語 Lesson 13 (1)

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“覆水難收”最早出現(xiàn)在南朝.宋.范曄寫的《后漢書. 何遷傳》，文中寫道：“國家之事，亦何容易!覆水不能收，宜深思之。”后來演變?yōu)?ldquo;覆水難收”，一直沿用至今，成為家喻戶曉的一個成語。那么它是是什么意思呢?“覆水難收”顧名思義就是指潑在地上的水無法再收回，比喻事情已成定局，無法挽回。

So , “覆水難收”means "spilt water can't gathered up" and is compared to "what's done cannot be undone."However, we have a colourful sentence to express it. What's it? Let's listen to the following sentence: It's no use crying over spilled milk that you feel deeply depressed that you are not the first in the final examination for English. 你在英語期末考試中沒有獲得第一名感到懊悔沮喪，可是這是覆水難收，悔而無補呀!It's /no use/ crying over spilled milk/ that you /feel deeply depressed/ that you are not the first in the final examination/ for English. 親愛的聽眾朋友，您覺得這句話中哪里表述出了“覆水難收，悔而不補”的意思呢?

它是一個句子，這個句子中含有連個重要的短語，一個是：cry over, c-r-y, cry(哭)，o-v-e-r, over(因為)，cry over意思是：因......而哭;一個是：spilled milk, s-p-i-l-l-e-d，spilled(打潑的，打翻的)， m-i-l-k ，milk(牛奶)，spilled milk意思就是：打潑在地上的牛奶。Spilled是實義動詞spill的過去分詞，這里做形容詞，因為它與被修飾的名詞milk存在著被動關系。那么表示出“覆水難收，悔而無補”的意思的這個句子是：It's no use crying over spilled milk. 意思是：為打潑在地上的牛奶而哭沒有用。我們知道牛奶打潑在地上了，無論你是孫悟空使出千般招兒，牛奶也不會回到原處，還沒等到你的眼淚哭干，打翻在地上的牛奶就已經蒸發(fā)干了。那么，哭有用嗎?Of course, it's no use.

It's no use crying over spilled milk.這句話中關鍵的短語是：cry over spilled milk. It means " to waste time worrying about something that has happened that cannot do anything about". 譯為：枉為無可挽回的事而擔憂;作無事于補的擔憂;作徒勞、無益的后悔，沮喪。It's no use crying over spilled milk. 引申為：對已成定局無法挽回的事兒后悔沮喪是徒勞，沒有用的。這正是我們中文說的“覆水難收，悔而無補”。當然，我們也可以用一個否定結構的祈使句說：Don't cry over spilled milk.還有一種說法我們在前文提及，它是：What's done cannot be undone.但是使用含有“cry over spilled milk”這個短語的句子更為地道。

此外，再詳說一下這個句子：crying over spilled milk是動名詞短語做真實主語，it's no use中的it是形式主語。

那么當您的朋友因挫敗而整天郁郁寡歡，茶飯不思，徹夜難眠時，您不妨用這句話安慰他：“It's no use crying over spilled milk. ”“Don't cry over spilled milk.”“What's done cannot be undone.”覆水難收，悔而不補。木已成舟，悔而無補。不要做無益，徒勞的后悔了。

Let's look at two more sentences. 1 I am sorry for you! You are crying over your stolen wallet,since it happened, just let it go, you know —— it 's no use crying over spilled milk. 我非常理解你的心情，你的錢包被偷了，傷心掉淚，那么既然此事已經發(fā)生，就忘掉吧，你知道的，覆水難收，后悔也無濟于事呀。(備注：be sorry for 對某人表示同情。stolen wallet這里是用steal的過去分詞來修飾wallet，它們之間存在著被動關系。 Let it go.這個句子我們也可以說為：Let bygones be bygones.)2 Don't cry over spilled milk, just be sure you won't make the same mistakes. 覆水難收，悔而無補，記住別犯同樣的錯誤就行了。

【課堂總結】

在今天的課堂上，我們學了表述“對已經成事實而無法挽回的事兒傷心懊悔沒有益處，是徒勞”的說法：It's no use crying over spilled milk. Don't cry over spilled milk. What's done cannot be undone. 就是中文的成語“覆水難收，悔而無補。”“木已成舟，于事無補。”前2個句子的關鍵短語是：cry over spilled milk 字面意思是：為打潑在地上的牛奶而哭，引申為：做徒勞，無益的后悔沮喪。此外，spill與milk 存在著被動關系，要用spill的過去分詞來修飾milk這個名詞，cry over something也可以說為cry about something，意思是：為......而哭。

親愛的聽眾，你記住了嗎?I am sure you've done. So , please finish the exercises left if you are available after work. 記住在下班后如果有時間的話，最好完成留給您的習題練習，學了不用很容易就忘記了。Practice makes perfect. If you practise it over and over , you can use it with ease. 熟能生巧。如果您不斷的反復練習所學的東西，那么到時候就運用自如了。So , have a nice day. Thank you for your listening this time . See you! Thank you, listeners! See you!

【課后習題】

1 Please complete the following sentences according to the Chinese.

(1) 已經決定了，你就別沮喪了，沮喪也沒有用呀。

The decision made and it's no use .

(2) 公司已經不給你升職了，你就別做徒勞的傷心了。

Your company made the you couldn't get and cry milk.

2 Please find the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them.

You have been against the law. It's no use to cry over the spilling milk.