高中語(yǔ)法專練：iii. must, have to, have got to

iii. must, have to, have got to

1. must的基本用法：

1）表示義務(wù)、命令或必要，“必須，應(yīng)當(dāng)，務(wù)必”。

I must go now, or I'll be late.

我必須走了，否則我要遲到了。

2）表示不可避免性或肯定性，“必定會(huì)，很可能”。

You mus t be hungry after your long walk.

你長(zhǎng)途跋涉之后肯定會(huì)餓的。

3）否定式mustn't表示禁止；must的疑問(wèn)句通常用needn't回答，而不用mustn't。

You mustn't keep us all waiting here.

你一定不要讓我們都在這里等著。

—Must I open the box myself?

—No, you needn't .

——我必須親手打開(kāi)箱子嗎？

——不，你不必要。

2. must在應(yīng)用中須要注意的問(wèn)題：

1）must意為“一定”，表示有把握的肯定推測(cè)，只用于肯定推測(cè)時(shí)，其否定推測(cè)是can't意為“一定不”，而不是 mustn't。

Her eyes are red. She must have been crying.

她的眼睛紅紅的，肯定一直在哭。

You mustn't play with fire, for you might get burnt.

你一定不要玩火，因?yàn)闀?huì)燒著你的。

2）must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況有把握的肯定推測(cè)；只用于表示肯定推測(cè)，其否定式為：can't have done sth.。

He can't have been to your home. He doesn't know your address.

他肯定沒(méi)有去過(guò)你家里，他不知道你的地址。

3）must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句：

a. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在推測(cè)，若陳述部分是must be，多用isn't/aren't反問(wèn)；若陳述部分是“must+其他動(dòng)詞”，多用doesn't/don't反問(wèn)。

She must b e waiting for us, isn't she?

她肯定是在等我們，是嗎？

He must live nearby, doesn't he?

他肯定就住在附近，是嗎？

b. 對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)，若帶有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，陳述部分是must have been, 用wasn't/weren't反問(wèn)；陳述部分是“must have+其他動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，用didn't反問(wèn)。

He must have been to Nanjing three years ago , wasn't he?

他三年前肯定去過(guò)南京，是嗎？

He must have got the letter yesterday , didn't he?

他昨天肯定收到了那封信，是嗎？

c. 對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)，若沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，或者是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不管陳述部分是must have been還是“must have +其他動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，都用hasn't/haven't反問(wèn)。

He must have got the letter, hasn't he?

他肯定收到了那封信，是嗎？

She must have been to America before, hasn't she?

她以前肯定去過(guò)美國(guó)，是嗎？

4）表示“必須”時(shí)，must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，have to (Am. E) = have got to (Bri. E)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀，意為“不得不”。

They had to put off the sports meet because of the bad weather.

由于糟糕的天氣他們不得不推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

You don't have to pay for the books, for they are free of charge.

你不必為這些書(shū)本付款，因?yàn)樗鼈兪敲赓M(fèi)的。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. Where is my pen? I _______ it.

A. might lose

B. would have lost

C. should have lost

D. must have lost

2. The house is dark and quiet, so the Browns _______ have gone to bed.

A. must

B. should

C. ought

D. would

3. —Must we do it now?

—No, you _______.

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. won't

D. shouldn't

4. —Must we take a bus?

—No, you _______. You can walk from here.

A. must not

B. don't must

C. don't have to

D. had better not to

5. —May I stop work a little earlier tonight?

—No, you _______.

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. can't

D. don't

答案速查　1-5　DAACB