高中語(yǔ)法專練：ii. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別

ii. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別

1. 表示抽象的、經(jīng)常的、一般性的行為多用動(dòng)名詞；而表示特定的、具體的，特別是將來(lái)的行為，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作，多用不定式。

I like singing , but I hate to sing now.

我喜歡唱歌，但是我現(xiàn)在不愿唱。

2. 當(dāng)作try, remember, stop, forget, regret, want, require, need, mean等動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有明顯差別：

1）forget to so sth. 忘記去做某事；forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事

—The light in the office is still on.

—Oh, I forgot to turn it off.

——辦公室的燈還亮著。

——哦，我忘了關(guān)了。

I forgot meeting you at someplace the other day.

我忘記前幾天在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)你。

2）remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事；remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事

You must remember to close the window when you leave.

你走時(shí)一定記住關(guān)門。

I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

我記得小時(shí)候曾被帶去北京。

3）regret to do sth. 對(duì)要做的某事表示抱歉；regret doing sth.后悔做過(guò)某事

I regret to say I can't come to help you.

我要很遺憾地說(shuō)我不能幫助你。

I regretted missing the first bus that morning.

我很遺憾那天早上錯(cuò)過(guò)了第一班車。

4）try to do sth. 盡力做某事；try doing sth. 試著用某種方法做某事

Let's try knocking at the back door.

咱們?cè)囍煤箝T吧。

He tried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials.

他極力裝出與官員同樂(lè)的樣子。

5）want to do sth.想要做某事；want doing某事需要被做

She wants to go to school.

她想上大學(xué)。

The clothes want mending ./to be mended .

這些衣服需要修補(bǔ)。

6）mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth意味著做某事

I mean to come early today.

我今天打算早點(diǎn)兒來(lái)。

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

錯(cuò)過(guò)了火車就意味著再等一小時(shí)。

7）stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事

He stopped to talk with me.

他停下來(lái)與我談話。

They stopped talking when the teacher came in.

當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候他們停止了說(shuō)話。

8）go on to do sth.接著做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不斷地做同一件事

They went on doing their work after a short rest.

稍事休息他們繼續(xù)工作了。

Having washed the clothes, mother went on to sweep the floor.

媽媽洗完了衣服，接下來(lái)拖地板。

9）can't help (to) do sth.不能幫助做某事；can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事；can't help but do sth.不得不做某事

He couldn't help laughing when he heard the news.

當(dāng)聽(tīng)到消息時(shí)，他禁不住笑了。

I'm sorry I can't help to repair the radio.

很遺憾我不能幫你修收音機(jī)。

He is such a nobleman that I can't help but respect him.

他如此高尚，我不得不敬重他。

10）be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事；be afraid of doing sth.擔(dān)心做某事

The little girl was afraid to go out at night.

那個(gè)小女孩兒夜間不敢外出。

She was afraid of making the same mistakes.

她擔(dān)心犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

11）be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事；be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事

Coal can be used to make a fire.

煤可以用來(lái)生火。

The boy is used to doing his homework by himself.

那個(gè)男孩兒習(xí)慣了獨(dú)自做作業(yè)。

12）require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事；require doing某事需要被做

This letter requires answering with care.

這封信需要認(rèn)真回復(fù)。

One of his orders required all the people to bow to him.

他的命令之一要求所有人向他鞠躬。

You are required to hand in your homework by next Saturday.

要求你們下周六前交作業(yè)。

I require your homework to be handed in by next Saturday.

我要求你們下周六前作業(yè)上交。

13）be sure to do sth.別人看來(lái)主語(yǔ)一定會(huì)做某事； be sure of doing sth.主語(yǔ)自信會(huì)做某事

I think he is sure to live for 100 years but he said he was sure of living for 200 years.

我認(rèn)為他一定能活到100歲，但是他說(shuō)他自信會(huì)活到200歲。

14）like doing sth.表示一貫的愛(ài)好，like to do sth.表示具體的某次行動(dòng)。

I like swimming , but I don't like to swim right now.

我喜歡游泳，但此刻不想游泳。

3. 只接動(dòng)名詞，不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有suggest, advice, finish, postpone, delay, imagine, require, admit, mind, pardon, excuse, avoid, risk, practice, escape, miss, allow, permit, consider, understand, enjoy, appreciate等。

They are considering risking escaping from the prison.

他們?cè)诳紤]冒險(xiǎn)越獄。

I felt deeply sorry for having missed listening to the concert.

我為錯(cuò)過(guò)了聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)深感遺憾。

4. 只接不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

1）wish, hope expect, long, desire；

2）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend, tend;

3）agree, consent, refuse, decline;

4）seek, ask, beg;

5）choose, decide, determine, promise;

6）manage, volunteer;

7）claim, fail;

8）dare, pretend

We decided to have a meeting this afternoon.

我們決定今天下午開個(gè)會(huì)。

He promised to buy me a present for my birthday.

他承諾給我買件生日禮物。

She pretended to be sleeping when I came in.

我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)她假裝在睡覺(jué)。

5. 接有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是名詞good, use, a waste of, 形容詞worth等時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

I don't think it worth trying to persuade him to come here in time every day.

我認(rèn)為不值得試圖說(shuō)服他每天按時(shí)來(lái)這里。

Do you consider it any good talking with him in class?

你認(rèn)為課堂上與他交談?dòng)泻锰巻幔?/p>

6. begin, start在下列情況下通常用不定式。

1）謂語(yǔ)已經(jīng)是進(jìn)行時(shí)形式。

We are beginning to learn a second foreign language.

我們將要再學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)。

2）表示一種自然現(xiàn)象。

It began to rain at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

今天下午三點(diǎn)天開始下雨了。

3）后接心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。

I began to realize I was wrong.

我開始認(rèn)識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. I like _______ very much, but I don't like _______ this morning.

A. swimming; swimming

B. to swim; to swim

C. swimming; to swim

D. to swim; swimming

2. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking

3. —Did you close the door?

—Yes, I remember _______ it.

A. to close

B. to closing

C. closing

D. closed

4. Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.

A. putting back

B. having put back

C. to put back

D. will put back

5. I'm sorry I forgot _______ your dictionary. Let's borrow one from Li Ming.

A. to take

B. taking

C. to bring

D. bringing

6. Henry always forgets things he has done. Yesterday he forgot _______ and looked for it everywhere.

A. to post the letter

B. to have the letter posted

C. to have posted the letter

D. having posted the letter

7. My brother regretted _______ a lecture given by Professor Liu.

A. missing

B. to miss

C. missed

D. being missed

8. I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you a job.

A. informing

B. having informed

C. to inform

D. to informing

9. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _______ a break for an hour.

A. having

B. to have

C. taking

D. to taking

10. The teacher told the students to stop _______ to him.

A. to write and listen

B. writing and listening

C. to write and listening

D. writing and to listen

11. —What can we do to help Li Hai.

—All we can do is to try _______ that he ought to study more.

A. making him to realize

B. making him realize

C. to make him realize

D. to make him to realize

12. You didn't hear us come in last night. That's good. We tried _______ noisy.

A. to be not

B. not to be

C. not being

D. being not

13. He finished his homework, then he went on _______ a letter.

A. write

B. writing

C. with

D. to write

14. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _______.

A. to cut

B. to be cut it

C. cutting

D. being cut

15. —You've come just in time to help us.

—Fine, what needs _______?

A. I do

B. done

C. to be done

D. to do

16. You didn't need _______ him the news; it just made him sad.

A. telling

B. tell

C. to tell

D. that you would tell

17. These young trees require _______ carefully.

A. looking after

B. to look after

C. to be looked at

D. looking for

18. The sentence wants _______ once more.

A. to explain

B. explaining

C. being explained

D. to be explained it

19. He hasn't got used _______ in the countryside yet.

A. live

B. to live

C. to living

D. living

20. A very well-known person _______ in this house.

A. is used to live

B. used to live

C. is used to living

D. used to living

21. The clock was beginning _______ twelve and everybody held their breath.

A. strike

B. to strike

C. striking

D. struck

22. I begin _______ the meaning, which begins _______.

A. understanding; to be clear

B. to understand; to be clear

C. understanding; being clear

D. to understand; being clear

23. The police forbid _______ here.

A. park

B. parking

C. to park

D. to be parked

24. The heavy rain forbade me _______ to school.

A. from my coming

B. to come

C. come

D. my coming

25. Tom's parents do not allow Tom _______ swimming.

A. going

B. to go

C. go

D. goes

26. Sorry, we don't allow _______ in the lecture room.

A. to smoke

B. smoke

C. smoking

D. to smoking

27. Visitors are not permitted _______ the park after dark, because of the lack of lighting.

A. to enter

B. entering

C. to enter in

D. entering in

28. They don't permit _______ noise here.

A. to make

B. make

C. making

D. made

29. Missing the train means _______ for an hour.

A. to wait

B. to be waited

C. being waited

D. waiting

30. I meant _______ you, but I was so busy.

A. to call on

B. calling on

C. to call at

D. calling at

31. I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon.

A. you to call

B. you call

C. your calling

D. you're calling

32. She enjoys _______ light music.

A. to hear

B. hearing

C. listening to

D. to listen to

33. You can keep the book until you _______.

A. have finished reading

B. finish to read

C. will finish reading

D. have finished to read

34. Ali said that she wouldn't mind _______ alone at home.

A. left

B. being left

C. to be left

D. leaving

35. It was said that they were considering _______ from the prison at that time.

A. risking to escape

B. risking escaping

C. to risk escaping

D. to risk to escape

36. Our monitor suggested _______ a discussion of the subject.

A. to have

B. should have

C. have

D. having

37. We are considering _______ a new plan.

A. making

B. being made

C. to make

D. to have made

38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______.

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

39. Can you imagine yourself _______ on a desert island?

A. staying

B. stay

C. have stayed

D. being stayed

40. We can understand why he avoids _______ to us.

A. to speak

B. speech

C. having spoken

D. speaking

41. Please excuse my _______ in without _______.

A. come; asking

B. coming; asking

C. to come; being asked

D. coming; being asked

42. Why have they delayed _______ the new school?

A. opening

B. to open

C. having opened

D. to have opened

43. She _______ the key.

A. admited taking

B. admitted taking

C. admitted having taken

D. admitted to have taken

44. I got to the station earlier than others. I couldn't risk _______ the train.

A. missing

B. would miss

C. to miss

D. missed

45. I hope _______ him as soon as possible.

A. see

B. seeing

C. to see

D. to have seen

46. I expected _______ your friend, but my car broke down on the way.

A. I'll meet

B. meeting

C. to meeting

D. to meet

47. We are planning _______ Europe this summer.

A. to pay a visit

B. pay a visit to

C. visiting

D. to visit

48. She told me that she had decided _______ again.

A. be not late

B. not be late

C. not to be late

D. to be not late

49. Almost everyone fails _______ on the first try.

A. in passing his driver's test

B. to pass his driver's test

C. to have passed his driver's test

D. passing his driver's test

50. The two weavers pretended _______ very hard, though they did nothing at the looms.

A. work

B. working

C. to be worked

D. to be working

51. When he got off the train, it happened _______.

A. to rain

B. to be raining

C. raining

D. to raining

52. I didn't _______ it until you had explained how.

A. manage to do

B. managed to do

C. manage to have done

D. manage doing

53. The young driver offered _______ the patient out of the car.

A. to hand

B. handing

C. hands

D. would hand

54. The white horse refused _______ the stone wall.

A. its jumping

B. to jump

C. jumping up

D. to jump at

55. They don't agree _______ more time on the subject, neither do I.

A. to spending

B. to spend

C. with spending

D. on spend

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