高中語法專練：ix. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換
ix. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. 不定式作賓語相當(dāng)于that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
I hope to be able to come on time next week.
=I hope that I'll be able to come on time next week.
我希望下周準(zhǔn)時到。
I consider him to be very trustworthy .
=I consider that he is very trustworthy .
我認為他很可靠。
We thought it wrong to punish him .
=we thought it wrong that he should be punished .
我們認為他被懲罰（懲罰他）是錯的。
I expect to have read this book by next Tuesday.
=I expect that I'll have read this book by next Tuesday.
我估計下周二之前就讀完這本書。
2. 帶疑問詞的不定式作賓語相當(dāng)于wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
I don't know what to do .
=I don't know what I should do .
我不知道該做什么。
I wonder when to leave .
= I wonder when I should leave .
我不知道該何時動身。
Please tell me which to take .
=Please tell me which I should take .
請告訴我我該拿哪一個。
I showed them how to do it.
I showed them how they should do it.
我給他們演示了他們該如何做。
The question of what to sell is still undecided.
The question of what we should sell is still undecided.
我們該賣什么的問題還沒有決定。
3. 不定式作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句。
He has a large family to support .
= he has a large family that he must support .
他有個大家庭要養(yǎng)活。
George is the man to vote for .
= George is the man for whom we should vote .
喬治就是那個我們應(yīng)投其票的人。
There are many difficulties to overcome .
=There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome .
有很多需要克服的困難。
The place to go is Brown's.
=The place where you should go is Brown's.
你應(yīng)該去的地方是布朗家。
The way to start it is to give it a push.
The way you should start it is to give it a push.
開始此事的辦法是推一下。
4. 不定式作原因、目的、結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于because, so that, so ... that, such ... that等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
George was lucky to find it .
= George was lucky because he found it .
喬治很幸運找到了它。
She stood up to be seen better .
= She stood up so that people could see her better .
她站起來以便人們更好地看見她。
He was in such bad health as to be obliged to resign .
=He was in such had health that he was obliged to resign .
他身體很差以至于不得不辭職了。
To hear him speak, you would think he owned the whole world.
If you should hear him speak,you would think he owned The whole world.
若是聽他講話，你會以為他擁有著整個世界。
階段練習(xí)
1. That is the only way we can imagine _______ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing
B. to reduce
C. reduced
D. reduce
2. David threatened _______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported
B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
3. _______as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
A. To accept
B. Having accepted
C. To be accepted
D. Accepting
4. If there's a lot of work _______ , I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
5. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _______ their homes.
A. leaving
B. to leave
C. to be left
D. being left
6. There is nothing more I can try _______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded
B. persuading
C. to be persuaded
D. to persuade
7. _______ the safety of gas, the government has checked the city's gas supply system thoroughly.
A. To ensure
B. Ensuring
C. Having ensured
D. To have ensured
8. Energy drinks are not allowed _______ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make
B. to be made
C. to have been made
D. to be making
9. The mother felt herself _______ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow
B. grown
C. to grow
D. to have grown
10. _______ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
A. Improving
B. To improve
C. Having improved
D. Improved
11. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _______ new policies according to WTO requirements.
A. forming
B. to form
C. to be forming
D. have formed
12. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
13. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _______?
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
14. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. be have caused
15. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _______ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue
B. being issued
C. to have issued
D. to be issued
16. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______.
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
17. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _______ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played
B. to play
C. to be played
D. to be playing
18. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive.
A. to make
B. making
C. to have made
D. having made
19. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I'd like _______ but I'm too busy.
A. so
B. that
C. to come
D. to
20. Don't try to tell lies to your class teacher about that. He seems _______ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
21. In order to improve English, _______.
A. Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father
22. Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit
B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit
23. They're not very good, but we like _______.
A. anyway to play basketball with them
B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anyway
D. with them to play basketball anyway
24. Someone took away my umbrella; I'd never expect it _______.
A. returning
B. to be returned
C. return
D. to return
25. Wet umbrellas are not allowed _______ into this hotel.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. taken
D. taking
26. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, _______.
A. I've no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to.
27. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends _______.
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
28. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant _______ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing so
29. There are so many things in my bag that it took me quite some time _______ the key.
A. finding
B. find
C. found
D. to find
30. For centuries, people from all over the world have claimed _______ strange sights: lights in the sky, flying objects and even creatures from other planets.
A. to have seen
B. having seen
C. to see
D. seeing
不定式階段練習(xí)——參考答案與解析
1. B. 不定式作定語，we can imagine是插入中間的定語從句。本句意為“那是唯一我們能設(shè)想的減少學(xué)生浴室濫用水的方法”。
2. C. threaten to do sth.意為“威脅要做某事”。本題意為“戴維威脅如果損壞得不到賠償?shù)脑?，他要向警察告發(fā)他的鄰居。”
3. C. 不定式表示目的，而且與主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。本句意為“為了成為奧林匹克賽事項目，一項運動至少在四大洲里有至少75個國家參加。”
4. A. 不定式作定語，與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，在there be句型中常常用主動形式表示被動意義。本句意為“如果有很多工作要做，我很樂于堅持下去直到完成。”
5. B. 本題句子的謂語是force sb. to do sth.的被動語態(tài)形式。
6. D. 本句中所含的定語從句的謂語是 try nothing to persuade you to stay結(jié)構(gòu)。本題句意為“我無法說服你留下來，因此我希望你好運。”
7. A. 作目的狀語總是用不定式。本題意為“為了確保煤氣安全，政府已經(jīng)徹底檢查了城市的燃氣供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。”
8. B. 本題句子的謂語是被動語態(tài)形式allow sth. to be done。本題句意為“能量飲料在澳大利亞不被允許制作，但是可以從新西蘭進口。”
9. A. 本題句子的謂語是feel oneself do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。本句意為“讀完來自戰(zhàn)場的信，媽媽覺得發(fā)冷，手也顫抖起來。”
10. B. 本句用不定式表示目的狀語。本句意為“為了改善雇員的工作效率，主管會允許雇員享有一次間休。”
11. B. 本題句子謂語是promise to do sth. and to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語是并列不定式。本句意為“根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織要求，中國已經(jīng)承諾修訂現(xiàn)行法規(guī)并擬訂新政策。”
12. C. 本題是含有不定式作目的狀語的句子。本題句意為“令人不可思議，粉絲們在體操館外等了三小時僅僅為了看一眼體育明星們。”
13. B. have及there be作“有”講時，其句型中不定式作定語一般用主動形式表示被動意義。本句意為“你有什么東西要買嗎？”
14. C. 本句意為“據(jù)信流感是由喜歡在人的鼻腔和喉嚨內(nèi)繁殖的病毒引起的。”根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)使用不定式的被動語態(tài)形式。
15. A. 本題中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句謂語是be ordered to do sth.。本句意為“軍隊發(fā)言人強調(diào)，所有士兵都被要求在開槍前先要清楚地發(fā)布警告。”因此選擇A。
16. A. 前者是that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對new problem進行解釋說明。后者是sth. need to be done,意為“某事需要被做”。
17. B. that從句謂語是have sth. to do結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的不定式作定語，且主動表示被動。 本題意為“她將告訴我們，為什么她如此強烈地認為為使地球變得更適宜居住，我們每個人都有要扮演的角色（都起著作用）”。
18. A. 本題句子謂語是strive to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。本句意為“為了在國際市場獲得更大的份額，很多國營企業(yè)都在努力使它們的產(chǎn)品更具有競爭性。”
19. D. but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，使句子保持意義平衡。本句意為“我很想來，但是我太忙了。”
20. D. seem后接的不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，而且與主語he成被動關(guān)系，因此選擇不定式完成時的被動式to have been told。
21. B. 作狀語的不定式的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，根據(jù)本題，提高英語的人只能是Jenny本人，因此選B。本句意為“為了提高英語水平，珍妮為自己買了很多錄音帶。”
22. A. could do nothing but do sth. = have to do sth.意為“不得不做某事”，but意為“除了”，作為介詞時but前面如果有行為動詞do， but后面接的不定式要省去to。
23. B. 本題含有l(wèi)ike to do sth.與play sth. with sb.兩個動詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。本題意為“盡管他們不出色，但是我們?nèi)匀幌矚g和他們一起打籃球。”
24. B. 不定式作賓語補足語，與賓語成被動關(guān)系，即expect sth. to be done意為“指望/期待某事被做”。本題意為“有人拿走了我的雨傘，我也從來沒有指望它被歸還。”
25. A. 本題意為“濕雨傘不被允許帶入這個賓館”。根據(jù)題意，本句謂語應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)形式allow sth. to be done。
26. D. I'd be happy to = I'd like to.是句子I'd be happy to look after your cat省略了不定式的形式。
27. B. 答句是he intends to study German的不定式省略形式。為了避免重復(fù)，動詞plan, mean, wish, hope, intend, would like, like等動詞后接不定式總是用省略形式。
28. B. 本題是mean to thank her的不定式省略形式。進一步解釋參見第27題。本句意為“我本打算要感謝她的，可是當(dāng)我要離開時，哪里也找不到她了。”
29. D. that從句的謂語是take sb. some time to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。it作形式主語，不定式作真正的主語。
30. A. 本題意為“幾個世紀(jì)以來，來自世界各地的人們都已聲稱曾經(jīng)看見過奇怪的現(xiàn)象：天空中的光、飛行物、甚至來自其他行星的動物。”根據(jù)句意，本句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該用不定式的完成時claim to have done sth.意為“聲稱曾經(jīng)做過某事”。
