高中語(yǔ)法專練：iv. 同位語(yǔ)從句

iv. 同位語(yǔ)從句

1. that同位語(yǔ)從句

1）同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，而且不能省略，相當(dāng)于表語(yǔ)從句所起的作用。

We should face the fact that we have run out of money.

我們應(yīng)該面對(duì)我們已經(jīng)花完錢(qián)的事實(shí)。

There's no doubt that we will finish our work within two hours.

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我們兩小時(shí)內(nèi)將完成我們的工作。

2）有時(shí)候，為了避免句子頭重腳輕，同位語(yǔ)從句可以與名詞分割開(kāi)來(lái)。

Word came that the front was in great need of medical workers.

傳來(lái)消息說(shuō)前方急需醫(yī)療工作者。

News reached Shanghai that Liu Xiang broke the world record in the match.

傳到上海的消息說(shuō)劉翔在比賽中破世界紀(jì)錄了。

3）后可接同位語(yǔ)從句的抽象名詞有：fact, belief, hope, idea, doubt, news, rumor, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, discovery, explanation, information, knowledge, law, truth, opinion, promise, report, thought, statement, possibility, advice等。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我們贏得比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

The advice that we should have a rest is reasonable.

我們應(yīng)該休息一下的建議是合情合理的。

2. wh- 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

1）引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的wh-連詞在從句中作一定的成分，而且表達(dá)意義。

The problem where we can get money hasn't been solved.

我們?nèi)ツ睦锔愕藉X(qián)的問(wèn)題仍然沒(méi)有解決。

2）引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的wh-連詞不能省略。

Have you any idea how soon they are coming?

你不知道他們多久就回來(lái)了嗎？

My original question , why he did it at all, has not been answered.

我原先的問(wèn)題——為什么他做了此事——還沒(méi)有得到答復(fù)。

3）同位名詞多含有疑問(wèn)意義，如doubt, wonder, problem, question, no idea等。

I have no idea what has happened to him.

我不知道他出了什么事情。

有時(shí)候，為避免句子頭重腳輕，同位語(yǔ)從句可與名詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。

3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句之區(qū)別：

1）that在定語(yǔ)從句中既代替先行詞，又在從句中作一定成分。而that在同位語(yǔ)從句中只起連接作用，不在句中作任何成分。

The news that our team was defeated surprised all of us students. （同位語(yǔ)從句）

我們隊(duì)被打敗的消息使我們學(xué)生都很吃驚。

The news that we heard at the meeting was surprising. （定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞在主句中作heard的賓語(yǔ)）

我們?cè)跁?huì)議上聽(tīng)到的消息是令人吃驚的。

2）定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定，描述其性質(zhì)和特征。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明和解釋。

The proposal he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. （定語(yǔ)從句，省略關(guān)系代詞）

他提出的建議將要在會(huì)議上討論。

The proposal that we should learn a second foreign language is to be discussed at the meeting. （同位語(yǔ)從句）

我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)二外的建議將要在會(huì)議上討論。

3）名詞doubt在肯定句中，后跟whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句；doubt在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，后跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。

I have no doubt that our class will win the game.

我不懷疑我們班將會(huì)贏得比賽。

There's still some doubt whether he is telling a lie.

她是否在說(shuō)謊仍然有疑問(wèn)。

Do you still have any doubt that I can finish the work in time?

你仍然懷疑我是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？

4）who引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句中，doubt后跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。

Who will have the doubt that he can do the job well?

誰(shuí)會(huì)懷疑他能做好這項(xiàng)工作呢？

4. 常見(jiàn)的同位語(yǔ)從句與同位名詞分割開(kāi)來(lái)的句型有：

Word came that ...有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)……

News arrived that ...有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)……

Order reached sb. that ...某人收到命令……

A story goes that ...有個(gè)故事這樣說(shuō)……

Information has been put forward that ...傳來(lái)的信息為……

The fact remains that ...事實(shí)仍然是……

Suddenly the thought came to me that ...我突然想起……

The fact has to be faced that ... 不得不面對(duì)的事實(shí)是……

The fact has to be faced that we have run out our money.

我們面對(duì)的事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)花光了錢(qián)。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. Word came _______ I was wanted on the phone.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. whether

2. An idea came to her _______ she might do the experiment in another way.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. whether

3. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

4. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. why

5. A story goes _______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

6. I have no doubt _______ he will get through the examination.

A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. as

7. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.

A. that what

B. what that

C. that

D. whether

8. He always works hard even if he knows the fact _______ he is not in good health.

A. which

B. that

C. why

D. while

9. We all know the truth _______ there is air, water and sunlight, there are living things.

A. in wherever

B. that wherever

C. where

D. that

10. The social problem _______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.

A. whether

B. if

C. what

D. which

11. Do you have any idea _______?

A. how I was worried

B. how worried I was

C. how worried was I

D. what I was worried

12. _______ came that we would go to Nanjing for social investigation.

A. Words

B. The word

C. A word

D. Word

13. Today there is evidence _______ the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as those of the land.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. /

14. The news _______ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people's hearts with deep sorrow.

A. which

B. when

C. that

D. how

15. There is no doubt _______ Premier Wen Jiabao is an excellent leader.

A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. /

答案速查　1-5　CCBBD　6—10　AABBA　11—15　BDACA