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10 Friedrich Hegel 弗里德里希·黑格爾
Hegel was born in Stuttgart on August 27,1770, the son of an official. 黑格爾于1770年8月27日出生于斯圖加特，其父親是一名官員，
Urged by his pietist father to enter the clergy, he registered in the Tubingen Lutheran seminary in 1788. 也是一位虔誠(chéng)的教徒。在父親的強(qiáng)烈要求下，黑格爾1788年加入了路德會(huì)宗教研討會(huì)。
A fair student, Hegel generally preferred the conviviality of cafes and country walks to scholarly asceticism. 當(dāng)時(shí)的黑格爾是一名單純的學(xué)生，他不喜歡學(xué)術(shù)研究，卻喜歡酒吧里歡愉的氣氛和鄉(xiāng)村小路上的安靜舒適。
His love of wine and company, and his interest in practical political matters prevailed over the stern demands of a religious calling. 他喜歡美酒和朋友，也熱心討論時(shí)政話(huà)題，只是對(duì)宗教的刻板要求毫無(wú)興趣。
Nevertheless, he studied philosophy for two years. 但是，他學(xué)習(xí)了兩年的哲學(xué)。
In 1797 Hegel became a private tutor in Frankfurt. 1797年，黑格爾到法蘭克福做了一名私人教師。
His employer owned a fine library and allowed him time to be with friends. Most importantly, he had time to write. 雇主家里藏書(shū)很多，也給他時(shí)間與朋友交談，更重要的是，他有時(shí)間可以寫(xiě)點(diǎn)東西。
Hegel’s father died in 1799，leaving a legacy that enabled Hegel to leave tutoring and prepare seriously for an academic career. 黑格爾的父親1799年去世，他也因此得到了一大筆遺產(chǎn)，這些遺產(chǎn)使黑格爾可以不用再教書(shū)，可以專(zhuān)心致志做學(xué)問(wèn)了。
In 1801 Hegel also submitted a Latin dissertation on the orbits of the planets and consequently was granted the right to teach in any German university. 1801年，黑格爾完成了一篇拉丁語(yǔ)的論文，這篇論文討論了宇宙間各個(gè)星體運(yùn)行的軌道。結(jié)果因?yàn)檫@篇論文，黑格爾被邀請(qǐng)可以到德國(guó)任何一所大學(xué)授課。
He began to give lectures at Jena and eventually became one of the better-known lecturers. 他經(jīng)常到耶拿大學(xué)做演講，成了當(dāng)?shù)匦∮忻麣獾难菡f(shuō)家。
While at Jena the idea of a wholly reconciling philosophy was gestating in Hegel’s mind. 早在耶拿大學(xué)教書(shū)的時(shí)候，完全調(diào)和哲學(xué)的思想就在黑格爾的心中具備了雛型，
It came to fruition in 1806 as the dense but exciting work Phnomenologie des Geistes (Phenomenology of Spirit), 但直到1806年才完全成熟。那一年，黑格爾發(fā)表了《精神現(xiàn)象學(xué)》，
which compares the dialectical stages of historical development with the individual’s growth with regard to a concept that Hegel called Spirit. 比較了歷史發(fā)展與個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的辯證關(guān)系，并引入了 “精神”這一概念。
The entire book was written in haste and was completed on October 13, the very day Napoleon and his troops occupied Jena. 書(shū)草草寫(xiě)成，在10月13曰那天成稿，碰巧的是， 拿破侖也在那天占領(lǐng)了耶拿市。
Since the university was in disarray and his own financial situation desperate, Hegel arranged to become editor of the Bamberger Zeitung. 大學(xué)里一片混亂，黑格爾自己也窮困潦倒，他只得到班貝格日?qǐng)?bào)當(dāng)了一名編輯。
In 1816, Hegel was called to the University of Heidelberg. 1816年，黑格爾調(diào)到了海德?tīng)柋ご髮W(xué)。
Then in 1817, he published The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline, a summary of his system. 1817年，他出版了一本名為《百科全書(shū)哲學(xué)和科學(xué)的批判性寫(xiě)作大綱》，總結(jié)了自己的哲學(xué)思想。
