英國(guó)學(xué)生科學(xué)讀本 Lesson 7 金魚(yú)

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　　第七課 金魚(yú)

　　Have you ever seen very pretty little fishes, of a bright yellow or golden colour, swimming in a glass bowl of water? Look in the shop-windows, and perhaps you will see some.

　　小朋友, 你見(jiàn)過(guò)淺黃色或者金色的漂亮小魚(yú), 在玻璃缸里面游來(lái)游去嗎? 往商店櫥窗里看看, 可能就會(huì)看見(jiàn)的。

　　Are these fishes made of gold? No; we only call them gold-fish because their colour is a bright yellow, like the colour of gold.

　　這些金魚(yú)是金子做的嗎? 不是的, 我們叫它們金魚(yú), 是因?yàn)樗鼈兊念伾菧\黃色的, 跟金子的顏色很像。

　　If you save up your money, you may buy a gold-fish some day. It would cost you only a few pence. If you ever get one, you must be very kind to it. You must keep the bowl in a warm room, and fill it with fresh water two or three times a week.

　　攢點(diǎn)兒錢(qián), 只花幾個(gè)便士, 就可以買(mǎi)到一條金魚(yú)。要是買(mǎi)了, 小朋友一定要好好地照顧它, 把魚(yú)缸放在暖和的房間里, 每個(gè)星期都給它換兩三次水。

　　You must not forget to feed the little fish also. It is very fond of ants' eggs, and it will eat little worms and insects, and perhaps a few bread-crumbs.

　　可不要忘了喂魚(yú)!金魚(yú)特別喜歡吃的是螞蟻蛋, 也吃小蟲(chóng)子和面包屑。

　　If you are kind to your gold-fish, it will soon learn to know you. It will then swim to your finger when you put it in the bowl.

　　好好地照顧金魚(yú), 金魚(yú)很快就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)你。只要把手指頭放進(jìn)魚(yú)缸, 金魚(yú)就會(huì)向手指頭游過(guò)來(lái)。

　　Look at the shape of the fish. It is pointed at each end, which is the best shape for going through the water. Its body is covered with scales, which lap over each other, like the tiles of a roof.

　　看看魚(yú)的形狀吧。魚(yú)的身體, 兩頭都是尖尖的, 這是最適合在水里游泳的形狀。魚(yú)身上蓋著鱗片, 鱗片就像瓦片一樣, 是一片疊一片的。

　　Do you see the fins of the gold-fish? It has two breast-fins, two belly-fins, a back-fin, a tail-fin, and a fin on its under side near the tail. These fins keep the fish steady as it swims. But how does it swim? It does this by waving its tail from side to side.

　　你看見(jiàn)金魚(yú)的魚(yú)鰭了嗎? 金魚(yú)有兩個(gè)胸鰭、兩個(gè)腹鰭、一個(gè)背鰭、一個(gè)尾鰭, 還有尾巴附近的一個(gè)臀鰭。這些鰭讓金魚(yú)在游泳的時(shí)候保持平衡。不過(guò)金魚(yú)是怎么游泳的呢? 是左右擺著尾巴游的。

　　You can see the two eyes of the gold-fish. They are very bright. It cannot shut its eyes as we can, for it has no eyelids.

　　看看金魚(yú)的兩只眼睛, 好亮啊。人類(lèi)可以閉眼, 金魚(yú)卻不能閉眼, 因?yàn)榻痿~(yú)沒(méi)有眼皮。

　　Fishes breathe air as we do, but it is the air which is mixed with the water. The fish draws this air out of the water by its gills.

　　金魚(yú)也跟人類(lèi)一樣呼吸空氣, 不過(guò)呼吸的是溶解在水里的空氣。金魚(yú)是用鰓吸進(jìn)水里的空氣的。

　　Do you see the two flaps, one on each side of the head of the gold-fish, just behind the eyes? Under these flaps there are some folds of red flesh. These are the gills, and they are red because all the blood in the fish's body passes through them.

　　金魚(yú)的頭, 在眼睛后邊的兩側(cè), 各有一個(gè)蓋子, 看見(jiàn)了么? 這兩個(gè)蓋子里面有幾層紅色的肌肉, 這就是魚(yú)鰓。這幾層肌肉是紅色的, 因?yàn)轸~(yú)身體里的血液, 都要流過(guò)魚(yú)鰓!

　　Look how the fish opens its mouth and takes in water. But it does not swallow this water; it lets it run out again through its gills. And as the water passes through them, the gills suck the air out of the water.

　　看看金魚(yú)是怎么張嘴喝水的。可是, 金魚(yú)喝到嘴里的水, 并不咽下去, 而是從魚(yú)鰓又流了出去。水流過(guò)魚(yú)鰓的時(shí)候, 魚(yú)鰓就把里面的空氣吸出去了。

　　Water is used to make the steam that works our steam-engines. And we sprinkle it over our streets and roads to keep down the dust.

　　蒸汽機(jī)里的蒸汽也是水。水還用來(lái)灑在街道上, 不讓塵土飛起來(lái)。

　　Without water there would be no rivers, or ponds, or seas; without water, no trees, or plants, or flowers could live. The world would look very dull without the pretty little brooks and the wide blue ocean. SUMMARY Water is colourless, and it has neither smell nor taste. It is transparent, and because it flows it is called a fluid. Water forms a great part of our blood and our bodies. We wash with it, we cook with it; it makes our steam-engines go; it forms our rivers, our ponds, and our seas. Without it neither plants nor animals could live.

　　沒(méi)有水, 江河湖海就都沒(méi)有了。沒(méi)有水, 花草樹(shù)木就都不能活了。沒(méi)有蔚藍(lán)的大海, 清澈的小溪, 這個(gè)世界會(huì)多么難看呀!