常春藤生活英語(yǔ)：Deja Vu 似曾相識(shí)

Have you ever been in a place for the first time and felt strange? Maybe it was a feeling that you had been there before. However, you knew you had never been to that place. You wondered if you had seen it in a movie recently. Perhaps the place looked familiar to you because your friend had a picture of it. This odd feeling that happens to many people is called déjà vu1. Those are French words that mean "already seen." Emile Boirac, a scientist from France, first came up with this term in the late 1800s.

Studying déjà vu is very difficult because it is hard to be recreated2 in a lab3. Recently, though, scientists have been able to get people to feel déjà vu under hypnosis4. They now believe déjà vu is not like predicting the future. Instead, it is a problem with the brain. The problem is that the brain tricks the person. Therefore, people believe they have experienced something they have not.

The feeling of déjà vu results from the brain not working perfectly. Short-term memory helps people remember something that happened not long ago. Long-term memory lets people remember things for a long time, such as friends' names. When déjà vu occurs, an experience skips going into your short-term memory. It is directly put into your long-term memory. That is why you think it is an old memory from before.

您是否曾初次造訪某地卻覺(jué)得不對(duì)勁?或許那是一種您曾去過(guò)那里的感覺(jué)。然而，您卻知道您從未到過(guò)那個(gè)地方。您懷疑自己最近是否曾在某部電影中看過(guò)那里。或許是因?yàn)槟呐笥延幸粡堅(jiān)摰氐恼掌?，所以您覺(jué)得很眼熟。這個(gè)發(fā)生在很多人身上的奇怪感覺(jué)叫做déjà vu。那是意指『既視(曾經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò))』的法文。十九世紀(jì)末，法國(guó)科學(xué)家埃米莉?布哈克首次提出這個(gè)名稱。

因?yàn)榧纫暩泻茈y在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里重現(xiàn)，所以要研究這門學(xué)問(wèn)相當(dāng)困難。不過(guò)近來(lái)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)能夠使人們?cè)诖呙叩臓顟B(tài)下感受既視感。他們現(xiàn)在相信既視感跟預(yù)知未來(lái)不一樣。它反而是大腦出了問(wèn)題。這個(gè)問(wèn)題是在于大腦蒙騙了當(dāng)事者。因此，人們相信他們經(jīng)歷了他們未曾體驗(yàn)過(guò)的事。

既視感起因于大腦運(yùn)作不全。短期記憶幫助人們記得不久前發(fā)生的事。長(zhǎng)期記憶則讓人們長(zhǎng)久地記住事情，譬如朋友的名字。既視感發(fā)生時(shí)，某個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)省略了進(jìn)入短期記憶的階段。它直接被存入您的長(zhǎng)期記憶。那正是為什么您會(huì)覺(jué)得它是源自從前的舊回憶。

Building Your Vocabulary

1. recently　adv. 最近，近來(lái)

Tracy has recently started bicycling.

翠西最近開(kāi)始在騎腳踏車。

2. familiar　a. 熟悉的

That song sounds very familiar to me.

我覺(jué)得那首歌很耳熟。

3. odd　a. 奇怪的，異常的

It's odd that my cat doesn't like to eat fish.

很奇怪，我的貓不喜歡吃魚(yú)。

4. predict　vt. 預(yù)測(cè)

We are not able to predict when earthquakes will occur.

我們無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)地震何時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生。

5. skip　vt. 略過(guò)，跳過(guò)

Jeff skipped lunch because he was too busy.

杰夫因?yàn)樘Χ鴽](méi)吃午餐。

Phrases for Learning

result from...　　起因于……

This accident resulted from human error.

這起意外是因人禍所造成。

參考字詞

1. déjà vu　n. 似曾相識(shí)的感覺(jué)，既視感

2. recreate　vt. 使再現(xiàn)

3. lab　n. 實(shí)驗(yàn)室(laboratory 的簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě))

4. hypnosis　n. 催眠狀態(tài)

Grammar Check

Maybe it was a feeling that you had been there before.

(或許那是一種您曾去過(guò)那里的感覺(jué)。)

本句中使用了過(guò)去完成式(主詞 + had + 過(guò)去分詞)，表示截至過(guò)去某時(shí)為止所完成的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

注意:

過(guò)去完成式不能單獨(dú)存在，要與另一過(guò)去式子句或表過(guò)去之副詞詞組連用，即在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩種動(dòng)作：

先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 → 用過(guò)去完成式表示

后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 → 用簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去式表示

When Christine arrived, the show had already begun.

(當(dāng)克里斯廷抵達(dá)時(shí)，表演已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。)