復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)主要有下面幾種類型:
1) 名詞(代詞)+形容詞
The pot calls the kettle black. (諺)五十步笑百步。
I've never known (seen) you so cheerful. 我從未看見(jiàn)你這樣高興過(guò)。
2) 名詞(代詞) +名詞
He nominated Coy Ambassador to France. 他任命科伊為駐法大使。
Don't be formal. Call me Jim. 別太拘禮,叫我吉姆好了。
3) 名詞(代詞) + 不定式
Tell them to hurry up. 讓他們趕快。
What made you think so? 什么使你這樣想的?
4) 名詞(代詞) + 分詞
I heard a nightingale singing in the wood. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一只夜鶯在林中歌唱。
You must have your lungs X-rayed. 你必須把肺部透視一下。
5) 名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞
I found him in excellent spirits. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他情緒好極了。
I'm pleased to see you back. 看到你回來(lái)了,我很高興。
這類復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)比較普通,不少動(dòng)詞可以跟這種賓語(yǔ):
Have I made myself clear? 我的意思講清楚了嗎?
That kept her warm. 這使她身子很暖和。
The accused man declared himself innocent. 被告宣稱自己是無(wú)辜的。
He shouted himself hoarse. 他把聲音都喊啞了。
Then he will hold you responsible for it. 那樣他就會(huì)要你來(lái)對(duì)它負(fù)責(zé)。
常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有:
關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.1節(jié)。
跟這類復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞也不少,如:
I find her a very sensible woman. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她是個(gè)很有頭腦的女子。
They considered Paris the heart of France. 他們認(rèn)為巴黎是法國(guó)的心臟。
She counted herself a fortunate wife. 她認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)幸運(yùn)的妻子。
They dubbed him a traitor. 他們叫他叛徒。
He entitled the book Crime and Punishment. 他給這書(shū)題名為《罪與罰》。
常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有:
關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.2.節(jié)。
1) 跟這類復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞很多:
He strongly advised her not to do so. 他使勁勸她不要這樣做。
She asked me to get in touch with him. 她要我和他聯(lián)系。
He instructed Sophia to remain where she was. 他囑咐索菲婭留在原處。
Permit me to introduce myself. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹一下自己。
They urge me to write a play for children. 他們催我寫一個(gè)兒童劇。
You know I wish you to be happy, don't you? 你知道我是愿意你幸福的,是吧?
常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有:
2) 在某些動(dòng)詞后,這類不定式只限于動(dòng)詞be (a),但其他動(dòng)詞的完成式和進(jìn)行式有時(shí)也可以用(b):
a.They considered him to be a selfish man. 他們認(rèn)為他是個(gè)自私的人。
They believed these principles to be universally true. 他們相信這些原則是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的。
I know this to be a fact. 我知道這是事實(shí)。
All the neighbours supposed her to be a widow. 所有鄰居都以為她是寡婦。
We discovered her to be a good cook. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她很會(huì)做飯。
We have shown the story to be false. 我們已表明這個(gè)報(bào)導(dǎo)是虛假的。
b.I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 我認(rèn)為他的行為很可恥。
I believe her to have done right. 我相信她做得對(duì)。
They know the man to have been a spy. 他們知道這人當(dāng)過(guò)間諜。
They suppose man to have descended from animals. 他們認(rèn)為人是由動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。
They suspected him to be dying. 他們猜想他已命在旦夕。
We thought him to be hiding in the woods. 我們以為他躲在樹(shù)林里。
3) 有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞后面的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)包含一個(gè)不帶to的不定式:
What makes you think so? 什么使你這樣想?
Don't forget to have him come. 別忘了讓他來(lái)。
Delighted to hear you say that. 很高興聽(tīng)你這樣說(shuō)。
For an instant I saw his face go pale. 一時(shí)間我看見(jiàn)他臉色變得蒼白。
I watched him get into his jacket. 我瞧著他穿上上衣。
They felt the atmosphere grow tense. 他們感到氣氛變得緊張起來(lái)。
4) 個(gè)別成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后也可以跟這類復(fù)合賓語(yǔ):
He called on Tom to answer the question. 他叫湯姆回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
I am counting on you to help me through. 我指望你幫助我度過(guò)難關(guān)。
She motioned to me to be silent. 她對(duì)我做手勢(shì)要我別說(shuō)話。
He pleaded with me to go back. 他懇求我回去。
They prevailed upon me to remain a little longer. 他們勸我再稍微多待一會(huì)兒。
We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我們?cè)诘扔晖O聛?lái)。
關(guān)于由不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)可參閱第13.6.5和13.6.6節(jié)。
1) 有不少動(dòng)詞后面可跟由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ):
The teacher caught a boy cheating. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)男生(考試)作弊。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感覺(jué)到風(fēng)吹著我的臉。
I tried to keep things going by a little teaching. 我設(shè)法教點(diǎn)書(shū)來(lái)維持生活。
His question has set me thinking. 他的問(wèn)題讓我深思。
They left me sitting alone there. 他們丟下我一個(gè)人坐在那里。
They watched the sun setting behind the trees. 他們瞧著太陽(yáng)在樹(shù)后徐徐西沉。
能跟這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:
2) 也有不少?gòu)?fù)合賓語(yǔ)由過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成:
You should make your views known. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)讓人了解你的看法。
You'll have to get that tooth filled. 你得把那顆牙(請(qǐng)醫(yī)生)補(bǔ)一補(bǔ)。
She's having her eyes tested. 她正在驗(yàn)光。
Rarely had I seen him so worked-up. 我很少見(jiàn)他這樣激動(dòng)過(guò)。
We want the work finished by Saturday. 我們希望這工作在星期六以前完成。
He felt himself powerfully attracted by the idea. 他感到自己受到這想法的強(qiáng)烈吸引。
跟這類復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有下面這些:
關(guān)于包含分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.7和13.6.8節(jié)。
這類復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)由介詞短語(yǔ)(a)或副詞(b)構(gòu)成:
a.Make yourselves at home, everybody. 大家請(qǐng)隨便一點(diǎn)。
They found her already in the hands of a doctor. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)她已有醫(yī)生照顧。
He held the others in contempt. 他對(duì)別人都看不起。
Please ask her into the dinner-room. 請(qǐng)讓她到餐廳來(lái)。
His jokes set the whole room in uproar. 他的笑話引起哄堂大笑。
I know you'll be able to help me out of the difficulty. 我知道你能幫助我克服困難。
b.We went to her house but found her out. 我們?nèi)ニ?,但發(fā)現(xiàn)她外出了。
You'dbetter ask her round here. 你最好請(qǐng)她到這里來(lái)。
We're having some friends in tonight. 今晚我們要請(qǐng)些朋友來(lái)家里。
We must help forward every project we can. 我們必須盡力幫助促進(jìn)每一個(gè)計(jì)劃。
Let's turn the TV on (off). 咱們把電視機(jī)打開(kāi)(關(guān)上)。
He knew how to put his ideas across. 他知道怎樣把他的意思講清楚。
能跟這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)比較少。關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.3和13.6.4節(jié)。
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