第20章　謂　語 20.2　復(fù)合謂語

20.2　復(fù)合謂語

20.2.1　第一類復(fù)合謂語

1) 這類復(fù)合謂語都由兩部分構(gòu)成。有些由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原？”構(gòu)成：

Can you explain this sentence? 你能解釋這個(gè)句子嗎？

She may be bringing some friends home. 她可能會(huì)帶幾個(gè)朋友來家。

I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我可能得出了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。

He must have arrived by air. 他準(zhǔn)是坐飛機(jī)來的。

Of course she mustn't leave us. 當(dāng)然她不能離開我們。

We should have confidence in each other. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)彼此有信心。

You needn't have mentioned it. 你本來不必提到此事的。

No one dared speak of it. 沒人敢談及這事。

2) 另一些則由不定式和另外的詞構(gòu)成：

I oughtn't to go on living this way. 我不應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)這樣生活下去。

We used to swim every day when young. 我們小時(shí)候天天都游泳。

She isn't going to make any concessions. 她不準(zhǔn)備作任何讓步。

First I'd have to get my father's consent. 首先我得征求我父親的同意。

We have got to be careful in such matters. 這種事我們都得小心。

Vesta happened to be playing in one corner of the room. 維斯塔恰好在房間的一角玩耍。

I seemed to have caught a cold. 我似乎感冒了。

He is said to have translated many books into English. 據(jù)說他把許多書譯成了英文。

They are not likely to succeed. 他們成功的希望不大。

3) 許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后，里面都可說包含了一個(gè)復(fù)合謂語：

They were made to work long hours. 他們被迫長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作。

He was forced to make concessions. 他被迫作出讓步。

We're expected to fulfil the task ahead of time. 他們期待我們提前完成任務(wù)。

She was often heard to sing that song. 人們常聽見她唱這支歌。

He was seen to go out with her. 有人看見他和她一道出去了。

He was found lying on the floor. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地上。

She was been kept waiting for two hours. 有人讓她等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

He was known to have taken money from the Germans. 據(jù)傳他拿過德國(guó)人的錢。

20.2.2　第二類復(fù)合謂語

1) 第二類復(fù)合謂語主要由“系動(dòng)詞+表？”構(gòu)成：

The prospects looked excellent. 前景看來極好。

It sounds a good idea. 這聽起來是個(gè)好主意。

I'm keeping in very good health. 我身體一直很好。

Roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花有香味。

She is growing restless. 她變得忐忑不安起來。

He remained standing for nearly an hour. 他差不多站了一個(gè)鐘頭。

She seemed embarrassed. 她顯得很尷尬的樣子。

He appeared perplexed. 他顯得困惑不解。

His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 他的頭發(fā)幾星期內(nèi)就變灰白了。

The prediction came true. 這個(gè)預(yù)言應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。

Please stay seated. 請(qǐng)不要站起來。

He felt troubled and distressed. 他感到很煩惱痛苦。

關(guān)于這類句子可參閱第13.5.1—13.5.7節(jié)。

2) 有些動(dòng)詞（如wear，flush，lie等不及物動(dòng)詞）有時(shí)也可跟一個(gè)表語，與它構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：

He flushed crimson with anger. 他氣得滿臉通紅。

The carpet is wearing thin. 地毯磨得很薄了。

He blushed crimson with embarrassment when she kissed him. 她吻他時(shí)他窘得滿臉通紅。

The snow lay thick on the ground. 地上鋪著厚厚一層雪。

One of the tigers broke loose (free). 有一頭老虎跑出來了。

His promises rang false to me. 他的諾言在我聽來很虛假。

有時(shí)一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞后跟著一個(gè)形容詞或名詞，說明主語的狀態(tài)，作用接近于表語，這類結(jié)構(gòu)也可說是一種復(fù)合謂語：

She sat silent in the corner. 她靜靜地坐在角落里。

The day dawned misty and overcast. 這天天亮?xí)r霧氣很重，烏云密布。

They parted the best of friends. 他們分手時(shí)是最要好的朋友。

He died a rich man (a millionaire). 他死時(shí)成了富翁（百萬富翁）。

有些語法家把這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為雙重謂語（Double Predicate），意思是它們把兩個(gè)謂語揉和在一起，成為一個(gè)謂語。

3) 另外，某些帶形容詞或名詞的復(fù)合賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，也可形成復(fù)合謂語：

The walls were painted light green. 墻被漆成了淡綠色。

She was found injured at the foot of a cliff. 她被發(fā)現(xiàn)受了傷躺在一座山崖下。

None of these actions are considered likely. 這些行動(dòng)被認(rèn)為采取的可能性不大。

He might be called a truthful boy. 他或許稱得上是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子。

He was thought to be a spy. 他被認(rèn)為是一名間諜。

He was made president of the society. 他被任命為該協(xié)會(huì)主席。