第13章　動詞句型 13.6　第五類句型——主語 + 及物動詞 + 復合賓語

13.6　第五類句型——主語+及物動詞+復合賓語

13.6.1　主語+及物動詞+賓語+形容詞（作補語）（37）

1) 這類句子很多，最常用的跟復合賓語的動詞大致有下面這些（見黑體部分）：

He found his new job rather boring. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的新工作相當乏味。

Sit down and make yourself comfortable. 坐下來，不要拘束。

He got his clothes wet. 他把衣服弄濕了。

She painted the walls light blue. 她把墻漆成了淡藍色。

Good food keeps you healthy. 良好的飲食使人健康。

I thought her so nice and sincere. 我認為她為人很好，很誠懇。

I felt myself unworthy of the praise. 我感到自己不配受這樣的贊揚。

Do you consider him trustworthy? 你認為他值得信賴嗎？

She dyed her hair brown. 她把頭發(fā)染成了棕色。

Finally they set him free. 最后他們釋放了他。

The accused man declared himself innocent. 被告宣稱自己是無辜的。

They didn't believe such a thing possible. 他們認為這樣的事不可能。

I like my tea very hot (strong). 我喜歡喝熱（濃）茶。

She pushed the door open. 她把門推開了。

He beat her black and blue. 他打得她青一塊紫一塊。

The noise was driving him mad (crazy). 這聲音使他受不了。

Facts have proved these worries groundless. 事實證明這些憂慮是沒有根據(jù)的。

I wish you well. 我希望你身體健康。

He counted himself fortunate to have such an opportunity. 他認為自己有這樣的機會很幸運。

They may hold you responsible for the consequence. 他們可能要你對后果負責。

2) 有時可用it 作形式上的賓語，而把真正的賓語放后面去，構(gòu)成復合賓語的可以是不定式（a）或是從句（b）：

a． I felt it necessary to make everything clear. 我感到有必要說清楚一切。

They judged it better to put the meeting off. 他們認為把會議延期更好一些。

I don't think it possible to finish everything in one week. 我認為一周內(nèi)完成一切不可能。

He found it difficult to satisfy their needs. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)要滿足他們的需要不容易。

She deemed it unwise to quit now. 她認為現(xiàn)在離職不明智。

b． Germany made it clear that she would support OPEC. 德國表明它要支持石油輸出國組織。

I think it best that you should stay with us. 我想最好你和我們一起住。

They kept it quiet that he was dead. 他們未對外公開他死亡的消息。

I think it likely that we will get a certain amount of money. 我想我們很可能會得到一筆錢。

13.6.2　主語+及物動詞+賓語+名詞（作補語）（38）

1) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)也相當多：

They called their daughter Mary. 他們給女兒取名叫瑪麗。

They named the city Leningrad. 他們把這座城市命名為列寧格勒。

We elected Smith our chairman. 我們選史密斯為主席。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. （諺）只工作不玩耍，聰明小孩也變傻。

They appointed him chairman of the committee. 他們?nèi)蚊麨橹魅挝瘑T。

The President nominated him Ambassador to China. 總統(tǒng)任命他為駐華大使。

We all consider the book a masterpiece. 我們都認為這本書是一杰作。

The doctor thought that a good sign. 醫(yī)生認為這是一個好現(xiàn)象。

They kept their marriage a secret. 他們對結(jié)婚保密。

Shelley counted this experience a part of his education. 雪萊把這段經(jīng)歷看作是他經(jīng)受的一段教育。

They christened the ship the Queen Mary. 他們把這艘船命名為瑪麗皇后號。

The King dubbed him a knight. 國王授予他騎士稱號。

We all voted the trip a great success. 我們一致認為這次旅行很成功。

I now pronounce you man and wife. 我現(xiàn)在宣布你們?yōu)榉驄D。

The people acclaimed him King. 人民擁戴他為國王。

The judge declared the contest a tie. 裁判宣布這次比賽不分勝負。

2) 這類動詞后也可用先行詞it作形式上的賓語，而把真正的賓語放到句子后部去：

He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 他感到有責任向她提及此事。

He made it a rule to go jogging every morning. 他規(guī)定自己每天早上慢跑鍛煉。

We thought it our duty to help them. 我們認為有責任幫助他們。

I consider it a privilege to work in your country. 我認為在貴國工作很是榮幸。

I shall always count it an honour to have known you. 認識了你我將永遠感到榮幸。

I felt it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly. 我母親要沒完沒了地干苦活我感到太可怕了。

3) 這類句子也常可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)（后面部分可說是復合謂語）：

This is called numerical control. 這被稱為數(shù)碼控制。

The book is entitled "Pilgrim's Progress". 這書書名是《天路歷程》。

He was voted a model worker. 他被公認為勞動模范。

The play may be termed a tragi-comedy. 這個戲可以稱為悲喜劇。

She was christened Janet. 她洗禮時被命名為珍妮特。

She was nicknamed "Little Rabbit". 她的綽號叫“小白兔”。

13.6.3　主語+及物動詞+賓語+介詞短語（作補語）（39）

1) 這類句子中的介詞短語為賓語的補語，和賓語一起構(gòu)成復合賓語，不少動詞后可跟這類結(jié)構(gòu)：

I found her in better spirits when we met again. 再次見面時我發(fā)現(xiàn)她情緒好些了。

They kept him in custody. 他們把他拘留了。

He put his books in order. 他把他的書整理好了。

The news of his safe arrival set my mind at rest. 他平安到達的消息使我放寬了心。

The strike left the railway system in confusion. 罷工使鐵路系統(tǒng)陷于一片混亂。

They all held him in great esteem (contempt). 他們都很尊敬（鄙視）他。

This placed her in a very difficult position. 這使她處境很困難。

They always consider themselves in the right. 他們總認為自己是對的。

They soon got the fire under control. 他們很快把火勢控制住了。

He wished himself out of the affair. 他真希望自己未參與此事。

This will bring us all into harmony. 這會使我們都和睦起來。

She cried herself to sleep at last. 她哭著哭著最后睡著了。

They declared themselves for (against) the plan. 他們宣布支持（反對）這項計劃。

She tried to talk her husband out of going. 她試圖勸說丈夫不要去。

We'll be glad to help them over their difficulties. 我們將樂意幫助他們克服困難。

2) 這類句子也可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，下面斜體部分可說是復合謂語：

The thief was found in possession of a large quantity of stolen property. 這小偷被發(fā)現(xiàn)藏有大量贓物。

He was kept in custody for two days. 他被拘留了兩天。

She was soon set at liberty. 他不久被釋放了。

The treaty is still considered in force. 這條約仍被視為有效。

Those regulations will be put into force next week. 這些規(guī)定下周開始生效。

I was left without a ray of hope. 我處于毫無希望的境地。

The fire was soon got under control. 火勢不久就控制住了。

It was taken for granted that they would come and join us. 大家理所當然地認為他們會來參加我們的活動。

13.6.4　主語+及物動詞+賓語+副詞（作補語）（40）

1) 有些動詞后可跟帶副詞的復合賓語：

I'm having some friends over for bridge tomorrow. 明天我有些朋友來打橋牌。

We went to her house but found her out. 我們到他家去，但發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。

She wished herself home. 她希望自己在家就好了。

Don't leave me behind. 別把我留下。

It's my own act. Why do you bring my mother in? 這是我自己干的，干嗎把我媽扯進來？

Get me home at once. 快讓我回家。

Congress voted the bill down. 國會否決了這項法案。

She has slept her headache off. 她一覺把頭疼睡好了。

I didn't expect you back so soon. 我沒料到你這么快回來。

Why don't you turn the TV on? 你為什么不開電視？

He is sure to help us through. 他一定會幫助我們渡過難關(guān)。

They declared the war over. 他們宣布戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束。

By citing more examples, he drove his points home. 他舉出更多的例子闡明了自己的論點。

I won't let him down in any way. 我不會做任何對不起他的事。

Please count me in (out) on the project. 請讓我參加（別讓我參加）這個項目。

2) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可用于被動形式，斜體部分可說是復合謂語：

My bag has been left behind. 我的包忘拿了。

The suggestion was voted down. 這項建議被否決了。

The war was declared over. 戰(zhàn)爭被宣布結(jié)束。

This point should be driven home. 這一點應當講清楚。

Why are these lights left on? 這些燈為什么沒關(guān)？

He was often asked round to play cards with us. 他常被請來和我們打牌。

13.6.5　主語+及物動詞+賓語+不定式（作補語）（41）

1) 有大量動詞可跟這種復合結(jié)構(gòu)：

What do you advise me to do? 你建議我怎么做？

You should get them to help you. 你應當請他們來幫你。

Don't allow yourself to indulge in false hopes. 別讓自己沉迷于幻想。

We requested him to put a stop to such activities. 我們請求他終止這種活動。

At the meeting they invited me to speak. 在會上他們邀請我發(fā)言。

He liked a boy to be conscientious in his work. 他喜歡男孩子工作認真。

My heart compelled me to come. 我的勇氣驅(qū)使我來。

Circumstances forced them to adopt this policy. 環(huán)境迫使他們采取這一政策。

Ill health obliged him to retire at an early age. 身體不好迫使他早早退休了。

I wish you to be happy. 我希望你快樂。

I hated this to have happened. 我不愿意發(fā)生這種事。

I should prefer him to do it in a different way. 我倒愿意他以另一種方式做這事。

He instructed me to come to work earlier. 他囑咐我早點上班。

Permit me to explain. 請允許我解釋一下。

Remind me to write that letter, will you? 提醒我寫這封信，好嗎？

He ordered (commanded) the soldiers to retreat. 他命令士兵們往后撤。

They warned us not to swim in that river. 他們警告我們不要在那條河里游泳。

He urged me to join their company. 他催促我加入他們的公司。

Heating a copper bar will cause it to expand. 加熱銅條會使其膨脹。

She could not bring herself to tell him about Vesta. 她無法讓自己把維斯塔的事告訴他。

關(guān)于這類結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第12.1.5節(jié)。

2) 在某些動詞后，這類不定式只限于用to be這種形式（a），但可用其他動詞不定式的完成形式或進行形式（b）：

a． We thought him to be an honest man. 我們認為他是老實人。

Do you consider that to be important? 你認為這重要嗎？

Suppose (Imagine) this grain of sand to be the universe. 設想這粒沙子就是宇宙。

She found this to be true in all the cities she visited. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)她訪問的城市都是這種情況。

They believed Aziz to be innocent. 他們相信阿齊斯是無辜的。

They suspected her to be my sister. 他們疑心她是我妹妹。

I understand him to be willing to help. 我聽說他愿意幫忙。

He proved himself to be a coward. 他證實自己是一個懦夫。

We all felt the plan to be unwise. 我們都覺得這計劃不明智。

b． He believed them to have discussed the problem. 他相信他們討論過這個問題。

She suspected me to have done it. 她懷疑這事是我干的。

I judged them to have finished. 我估計他們已經(jīng)干完了。

They suspected him to be dying. 他們懷疑他命已垂危。

He believed her to be telling the truth. 他相信她講的是真話。

They thought him to be hiding in the woods. 他們認為他躲在樹林里。

He considered the situation there to be deteriorating. 他認為那里的局勢正在惡化。

3) 這類句子也?？捎糜诒粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，這時句子可說包含了一個復合謂語：

They were not allowed to see him. 他們未獲準去看他。

I was asked to go with them. 他們請我和他們一道去。

Nelson was instructed to sail for Naples. 納爾遜接到指示向那不勒斯航行。

She was obliged to abandon the idea. 她被迫放棄這個想法。

He was cautioned to speak as little as possible. 有人告誡他盡量少說話。

She was discovered to be quite trustworthy. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)她很值得信賴。

Passengers were requested to fasten their seatbelts. 請乘客們系好安全帶。

He was forced (obliged) to postpone his visit. 他被迫推遲他的訪問。

4) 個別成語動詞后也可跟這類復合賓語：

He called on Jack to answer the difficult question. 他叫杰克回答這個難題。

We'll prevail upon her to attend the concert. 我們將勸說她去聽這個音樂會。

I'm counting on you to support us. 我指望你支持我們。

I longed for her to come and join us. 我盼望她來參加我們的活動。

He motioned to them to sit down. 他做手勢讓他們坐下。

We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我們在等雨停下來。

We depend on you to do it. 我們依靠你來完成這事。

He pleaded with me to go back. 他懇求我回去。

13.6.6　主語+及物動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式（作補語）（42）

1) 有些動詞后面的復合賓語中包含一個不帶to的不定式：

What makes you tremble so? 什么讓你抖成這樣？

We can't let this go on. 我們不能讓這事繼續(xù)下去。

I'm going to have her live with us soon. 我準備不久讓她和我們一起住。

I saw Martin's face go pale. 我看見馬丁的臉變得蒼白。

We had never heard her sing like that before. 我們以前從未聽她這樣唱過歌。

Did you notice him come in? 你有沒有注意到他進來？

I watched her go off with amazement. 我驚異地瞧著她走掉了。

Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense. 突然我們感到氣氛變得緊張起來。

在help后的不定式可帶to，也可不帶to（美國人不加to時比較多）：

I will help her (to) solve the problem. 我將幫助她解決這個問題。

2) 在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式一概帶有to：

He was made to recite the whole poem. 他們讓他把整首詩都背出來。

He was seen to fall. 有人看見他跌倒。

She was often heard to sing this song. 人們常聽見她唱這首歌。

13.6.7　主語+及物動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（作補語）（43）

1) 有些動詞后面可跟帶現(xiàn)在分詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：

He found Helen knitting there. 他看見海倫在那里織毛線。

I saw her chatting with Nancy. 我看見她在和南希聊天。

She could hear the rain pattering against the windows. 她能聽到雨敲打著窗子。

He noticed a crowd of people shouting and cheering. 他注意到一群人在喊叫歡呼。

I could smell trouble coming. 我能感覺到麻煩即將來臨。

He felt Jamie watching him. 他感覺到杰米在注視他。

She had kept him waiting twenty minutes on this occasion. 這次她讓他等了二十分鐘。

They watched the sun setting behind the trees. 他們瞧著太陽在樹林后緩緩下沉。

They walked off and left me sitting there. 他們走了，只剩我坐在那里。

The lecturer soon got us thinking. 講課的人很快就讓我們思考起來。

The cries brought the neighbours running. 喊叫聲使鄰居們紛紛跑來。

I should like to catch them saying a word against me! 別讓我抓住他們說我一句壞話！

Can you imagine me doing such a thing? 你能想像我做這樣的事嗎？

I can't understand you keeping a thing like this to yourself. 我不能理解你怎么把這樣一件事瞞著別人。

He doesn't like people praising him. 他不喜歡聽人贊揚他。

This news started me thinking. 這消息使我深思。

I hate you being unhappy. 我不愿意你不快樂。

I remember him, as a child, playing the piano beautifully. 我記得他小時候彈一手好鋼琴。

在listento 和lookat 后面也可跟這種復合賓語：

Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone. 有時她會聽他吹奏薩克斯管。

She looked at him waiting there. 她瞧著他等在那里。

2) 這類句子有時也可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

Voices were heard calling for help. 聽見有人呼救。

She was seen speaking to a policeman. 有人見她在和一位警察說話。

He was kept working all day. 他整天被逼著干活。

She was found jogging in the park. 有人看見她在公園里跑步。

They were caught trespassing on private land. 有人撞見他們進入私人地界。

Only one of its walls was left standing. 它只剩一堵墻還立在那里。

關(guān)于這類結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第12.3.4節(jié)。

13.6.8　主語+及物動詞+賓語+過去分詞（作補語）（44）

1) 有些動詞可跟帶過去分詞的復合賓語：

I have heard it said that he is a miser. 我聽人說他是個吝嗇鬼。

I have seen that method applied by many people. 我曾見過很多人使用這種方法。

He watched the piano carried upstairs. 他看著鋼琴被搬上樓去。

They found themselves stranded at the airport. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被困在飛機場了。

You have to get a photograph taken. 你得去照一張像。

Father's had his hands burned. 爸把手燙了。

I noticed his car parked outside. 我注意到他的車停在外面。

We want the work finished by Friday. 我們希望這工作周五之前完成。

We wished the problem settled outside the court. 我們希望這問題在庭外解決。

You must make yourself respected. 你必須使自己受到尊重。

He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was. 他一直閉著眼睛坐在原處。

She left the ironing undone and went bowling. 她衣服沒熨完就去打保齡球了。

He felt himself compelled to take this action. 他感到自己被迫采取這個行動。

Everyone considered it greatly improved. 大家都認為它大有改進。

The convention declared itself dissolved. 會議宣布解散。

2) 其中有少數(shù)可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

Jones was found shot in the head. 瓊斯被發(fā)現(xiàn)頭部中了彈。

My patient can't be left unattended. 不能讓我的病人沒人照顧。

They are considered underpaid. 大家認為他們工資偏低。

You will be kept informed of what's going on here. 將讓你隨時了解這兒發(fā)生的情況。

關(guān)于這類結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第12.4.4節(jié)。