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第2章 構(gòu)詞法 2.3.4 一些較為常見的前綴

所屬教程:張道真實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

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2019年04月19日

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2.3.4 一些較為常見的前綴

1) 可用來(lái)改變?cè)~類的前綴:

a-  加在名詞前構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞:

asleep   aboard   aside   ashore   ablaze

be-  加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞:

befriend  bewitch   behead   belittle   bedim

em-  加在名詞等前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞:

embark   embed    embody   empower   embitter

en-  加在名詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞:

endanger  encourage  enrage   enforce   enslave

en-  加在形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞:

enrich   enlarge   ennoble  endear    enable

out- 加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞:

outflank  outnumber  outpace  outwit    outsmart

2)有些前綴可用來(lái)構(gòu)成反義詞:

de-      de-emphasize    decentralize   demilitarize   demobilize

(非…)    decolonize     depoliticize    dehydrate    declassify

dis-     dislike     disbelieve    distrust    disagree

(構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞)  disapprove    disobey     displease    disappear

dis-     disbelief    discontent    disorder    dishonour

(構(gòu)成名詞)  discomfort     disobedience    disrespect    disadvantage

dis-     disloyal    dishonest    disinterested   disorderly

(構(gòu)成形容詞) discourteous    disreputable    dissimilar    disproportionate

il-      illegal     illogical     illiterate    illegitimate

im-      impatient    impolite    impossible    immature

in-      incapable    informal    inadequate    independent

        inability    injustice    inadequacy    insecurity

ir-      irresolute     irresponsible   irresistible    irregular

mal-     malnutrition    maladjusted    maltreatment    maladministration

non-     non-essential   non-economic   non-profit     non-resident

        non-smoker     non-specialist   non-violent   non-competitive

un-      unable      uncertain     untidy      unsafe

(構(gòu)成形容詞) unconscious    unfortunate    unlucky    uncomfortable

un-      uncertainty    untidiness    unhappiness    unwillingness

(構(gòu)成名詞)  unacceptability  unfairness     unpleasantness  unbelievability

un-      unwillingly    unconsciously   unfairly     unfortunately

(構(gòu)成副詞)  uncertainly    unluckily    unofficially   untidily

un-      undress     unbutton     untie      unlock

(構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞)  unpack      uncover     undo      unwrap

un-      unexpected     unfinished    unprepared     unprecedented

(構(gòu)成分詞)  unchanging     unhesitating    uninviting    untrusting

3) 一些表示特定意思的前綴

大部分前綴都表示特定意思,較常見的有:

前 綴 意 思 例 詞

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

all- 純,全是 all-wool all-steel

all-female all-new

     各個(gè) all-age all-season

all-purpose all-weather

anti- 反,抗 anti-fascist anti-racist

anti-war anti-abortion

anti-aircraft anti-cancer

anti-pollution anti-inflation

antibiotic antibody

antidote antiseptic

arch- 大的 archduke archangel

archbishop archdeacon

頭號(hào)的 arch-enemy arch-rival

arch-villain arch-traitor

auto- 自動(dòng)的 automatic auto-timer

auto-record auto-reverse

自己的 autobiography autograph

autonomous autonomy

汽車的 automobile auto-industry

auto work auto sport

bi- 雙,二 bilingual bilateral

bigamy bifocals

bio- 生物的 biochemical biological

biologist biotechnology

centi- 百分之一的 centimeter centigram

centiliter centigrade

co- 共同(做某事) co-author co-chairman

co-pilot co-founder

co-direct co-operate

co-exist co-edit

counter- 反 counter-measure counter-attack

counter-strike counter-revolution

double- 雙 double-decker double-barrelled

double-breasted double-bed

哄騙 double-cross double-dealing

double-talk double-dealer

down- 往下 downhill downward(s)

downriver downstairs

惡化 downturn downfall

downgrade downcast

ever- 一直,不斷 ever-present everlasting

ever-widening evergrowing

越來(lái)越 ever stronger ever-bolder

ever-greater ever-faster

ex- 以前的 ex-president ex-husband

ex-lover ex-wife

extra- 特別的,超 extra-bright extra-strong

extra-large extra-thin

以外的 extra-curricular extra-mural

extra-marital extra-territorial

fore- 前部的 foredeck forehead

foreleg forearm

預(yù)見的 foresight foretell

forecast foresee

free- 自由的 free-flowing free-moving

free-floating free-running

full- 完全 full-scale full-speed

full-grown full-strength

全部,整個(gè) full-time full-year

full-size full-page

half- 半 half-asleep half-finished

half-circle half-pay

half-moon half-empty

half-French half-sister

hand- 用手的 hand-made hand-operated

handwritten hand-wash

手提(推)的 handbag handcart

handbaggage handbook

hydro- 水力的 hydro-power hydro-electric

hydro-energy hydrophobia

ill- 不好的 ill-health ill-humour

ill-luck ill-will

ill-tempered ill-natured

ill-mannered ill-bred

不適宜的 ill-timed ill-informed

ill-educated ill-chosen

inter- 之間的 international inter-city

inter-racial intercontinental

相互的 interchange interact

interlink interrelate

kilo- 千 kilogram kilowatt

kilometre kilohertz

mal- 不良的 maladjusted malnourished

maladroit malformed

malfunction malnutrition

malpractice maldistribution

man- 由人,人 man-made man-devised

manpower mankind

對(duì)人 man-killer man-eating

manhunt manslaughter

mid- 中間(指時(shí)間) midday mid-summer

midnight mid-century

中部(指空間) midair mid-Europe

midocean mid-Wales

milli- 千分之一 milligram millimeter

milliliter milliamp

mini- 小的,微型的 minicab minibus

mini-computer miniskirt

mis- 錯(cuò)誤地 misjudge misuse

misunderstand misprint

錯(cuò)誤的 misconception misinformation

mismanagement misunderstanding

new- 新近 newborn newfound

new-wedded new-baked

news- 新聞 newscast newsletter

newspaper news-stand

over- 過(guò)分地 overeat over-reach

over-do overestimate

過(guò)于 over-anxious over-eager

over-cautious over-confident

過(guò)量的 overdose overcharge

overweight overwork

壓倒 overcome overpower

overthrow overrule

其他意思 oversee overseas

overlook overcoat

post- …之后的 post-election post-medieval

post-liberation post-renaissance

郵(政)的 postmark postcard

post-box postcode

pre- …之前的 pre-war pre-birth

pre-marital pre-revolution

預(yù)見,在前 prejudge preview

predetermine predecease

預(yù)先…的 pre-arranged prepaid

pre-planned prefabricated

pro- 親…,支持…的 pro-government pro-communist

pro-West pro-abortion

re- 重新 re-open rewrite

remarry rebuild

再次 reappear reconsider

rediscover review

self- 自我…的 self-educated self-appointed

self-employed self-imposed

自(我)的 self-defence self-criticism

self-analysis self-control

自己…的 self-locking self-cleaning

self-winding self-regulating

semi- 半…的 semi-automatic semi-naked

semi-official semi-liquid

半 semi-circle semi-annual

semi-conductor semi-darkness

sub- 次…,下一級(jí)的 subcontinent subcommittee

subdivision sub-heading

下面的,潛 subway subconscious

submarine sub-current

不…夠的 subnormal subfertile

substandard sub-literacy

super- 極…的 super-clever super-cheap

super-friendly super-sensitive

超級(jí)的 superpower supermarket

superstar superman

超…的 supersonic supernatural

supernormal supernational

其他意思 superfluous superstition

supervise superstructure

tele- 遠(yuǎn)距離的 telephone telescope

television telecommunication

trans- 從…到 transport transfer

transplant transmit

translate transform

transcribe transition

穿越 transAmerica transatlantic

trans-Siberian trans-Alaska

under- 不足的 under-developed under-financed

undernourished underestimate

下面的 underground underwear

underline undersigned

下一級(jí)的 undergraduate undersecretary

underlibrarian undermanager

其他意思 understand undertake

undermine underworld

uni- 單一的 unilateral unisex

unify unity

up- 在…上方的 upside uphill

upriver upstairs

改進(jìn),更新 update upgrade

uprate upsurge

打亂 upset uproar

uproot uprising

其他意思 upright uphold

upheaval upbringing

vice- 副的 vice-chairman vice-premier

vice-minister vice-consul

well- …得很好的 well-behaved well-written

well-dressed well-educated

很…的 well-known well-deserved

well-loved well-respected

其他意思 well-read well-informed

well-paid well-received


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