◎ 本結構表示“抓住/拍/打/摸/吻某人的……部位”。這種結構是先說出整個對象,再說出其局部,也就是大處著眼,小處著手。
He took his brother from the hand.
He took his brother by the hand.
他抓住他弟弟的手。
提示
①一些表示“抓,握”的詞,如take,catch,seize,snatch,grasp,hold,pull等,須先接某人,次接by,然后再接“the+某個部位”。
He pulled his mother by the sleeve. 他拉住母親的袖子。
She caught him by the right hand. 她抓住他的右手。
Don't let anyone lead you by the nose. 不要讓別人牽著你的鼻子走。
②一些表示“打,拍,擊”等的詞,如:hit(打),pat(輕拍),strike(打擊)等,不接by,而接on。
He hit Jim on the head. 他打吉姆的頭。
She patted the boy affectionately on the head. 她慈愛地撫摸那男孩的頭。
The little girl kissed her mother on the cheek and went to bed. 小女孩吻了媽媽的臉,然后去睡覺了。
③表示“打人耳光”的slap,用in,on和across均可。用in表示力度比較大,on較弱,across則表示“扇了一記耳光”。
He slapped her in the face. 他給她一記耳光。
④表示“拍某人的肩”要用on。
She slapped the young man on the shoulder and said,“I congratulate you on your success”. 她拍了拍那年輕人的肩說,“我祝賀你的成功?!?