課本中不會(huì)教你的[J]418　join the army和be in the army——非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確用法

418　join the army和be in the army——非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確用法

◎ 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作一開始就結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞，即表示一剎那發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用的有：

begin開始

open打開

start開始

go去

join參加

leave離開

become成為

borrow借來(lái)

buy買

lend借出

close關(guān)上

wake醒來(lái)

die死亡

get up起床

fall asleep入睡

come來(lái)

go to sleep入睡

reach到達(dá)

arrive到達(dá)

get to到達(dá)

◎ 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，不能同for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)和從句連用，如果句中有表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，則必須改用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。轉(zhuǎn)換例示如下：

① begin和start改為be on等。

The meeting has begun. 會(huì)議已經(jīng)開始了。

會(huì)議已經(jīng)開始10分鐘了。

The meeting has begun for ten minutes.

The meeting has been on for ten minutes.

It is ten minutes since the meeting began.

He started to study English two years ago. 他兩年前開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

他學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)2年了。

He has started to study English for two years.

He has studied English for two years.

It is two years since he started to study English.

② go和leave改為be away（from）等。

他已經(jīng)離開5天了。

He has gone for five days.

He has been away for five days.

她自從上個(gè)月就離開這座城市了。

She has left the town since last month.

She has been away from the town since last month.

③ open改為be open（為形容詞）。

門開了一整天。

The door has opened the whole day.

The door has been open the whole day.

④ close改為be closed。

窗戶自昨天晚上就關(guān)著。

The window has closed since last night.

The window has been closed since last night.

⑤ join和become改為be（a）+職業(yè)名詞或be in the+組織名詞等。

He has joined the army. 他已經(jīng)入伍了。

他入伍已經(jīng)3年了。

He has joined the army for three years.

He has been a soldier for three years.

He has been in the army for three years.

It is three years since he joined the army.

她入黨已經(jīng)10年了。

She has become a Party member for 10 years.

She has been a Party member for 10 years.

It is ten years since she became a Party member.

⑥ borrow和lend改為keep。

這本詞典你可以借一周。

You may borrow the dictionary for a week.

You may keep the dictionary for a week.

這本書我只能借給你一天。

I can lend you the book for one day.

You can keep the book for one day.

⑦ arrive，come，reach和get to改為be+副詞或be+in+地點(diǎn)名詞。

他來(lái)這里已經(jīng)幾天了。

He has come here for a few days.

He has been here for a few days.

他們到南京已經(jīng)10小時(shí)了。

They have arrived in/reached/got to Nanjing for 10 hours.

They have been in Nanjing for 10 hours.

It is 10 hours since they arrived in/reached/got to Nanjing.

⑧ buy改為have或keep。

這只貓她已經(jīng)買了5個(gè)月了。

She has bought the cat for five months.

She has had/kept the cat for five months.

⑨ wake改為awake。

自從4點(diǎn)鐘他就醒了。

He has woken since 4 o'clock.

He has been awake since 4 o'clock.

⑩ die改為be dead。

她去世已經(jīng)10多年了。

She has died for over ten years.

She has been dead for over ten years.

It is over ten years since she died.

? fall asleep改為sleep或be asleep。

她已經(jīng)睡了10個(gè)小時(shí)了。

She has fallen asleep for ten hours.

She has slept for ten hours.

She has been asleep for ten hours.

It is ten hours since she fell asleep.

? get up改為be up。

他從早上5點(diǎn)鐘就起床了。

He has got up since 5 o'clock in the morning.

He has been up since 5 o'clock in the morning.