① except (not including,but not)除……以外,……不包括在內(nèi)(意味著從整體中減去部分)。
He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天都起得早。
② besides (in addition to)除……之外(還有)。
Besides John,all of us passed the examination. 約翰通過(guò)了考試,我們大家也都通過(guò)了考試。
③ except for意思與except基本相同,主要區(qū)別在于:
(1)介詞或連詞前用except。
He is very clever except that he is a poor speaker. 他人很聰明,只是不善言辭。
There was no way of settling the matter except by selling the house. 除非把房子賣掉,沒(méi)有解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的其他辦法。
(2)句首用except for。
Except for a slight headache,I feel all right now. 除了有點(diǎn)頭痛,我現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)良好。
(3)except的賓語(yǔ)和前面主句中名詞或代詞是平行的同一性質(zhì)的詞;若不是同一性質(zhì)的詞,則用except for。比較:
The bus runs here every day except Sunday. 除星期天外,公交車每天都來(lái)這里。
Your essay is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 你的文章很好,只是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。
但在all,any,every,nothing,anybody,everything,everywhere等表示“總體”概念的詞后面既可用 except,也可用 except for。
I invited everyone except (for) John. 我邀請(qǐng)了除約翰外的所有人。
④ apart from有如下兩種含義:
(1)=besides
Apart from sport,my other interest is music. 除了運(yùn)動(dòng),我的另一個(gè)興趣是聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。
(2)=except for
It is a good book apart from some misprints. 除了有些印刷錯(cuò)誤,這本書(shū)很好。
⑤ but (excluding)除去……以外,多用在all,no,anywhere,everywhere,nobody 等后。but后若為人稱代詞,多用賓格。
All the students went to the movies but her. 除她外,所有的學(xué)生都去看電影了。
He will go anywhere but there. 除了不去那里,他哪里都去。