① 英語中的否定有部分否定和全部否定的區(qū)別。neither(兩者都不),neither…nor…(既不……也不……),none(沒有人或物),nobody(沒有人),no one(沒有人),nothing(沒有任何東西)表示的都是全部否定。
Neither of them will come. 他們兩個(gè)人都不來。
Neither is good. 兩者都不好。
Neither Tom nor Mary is going with you. 湯姆和瑪麗都不同你一起去。
None of us said anything. 我們誰也沒說話。
I like none of the books. 那些書我一本也不喜歡。
Nobody knows how to do it. 沒有人知道怎樣做這件事。
No one dare speak of it. 沒有人敢說這件事。
Nothing can change her mind. 沒有任何東西能改變她的主意。
② 當(dāng)both,every/everything/everyone/everybody/everywhere,all同not連用時(shí),表示的只是部分否定,不是對(duì)全句的否定,即:both,every/everything/everyone/everybody/everywhere和all所指的范圍內(nèi)有一部分是否定的,而另一部分則是肯定的。比較下面部分否定同全部否定的轉(zhuǎn)換方式。
Both the books are not hers. 這兩本書并非都是她的。(=One book is hers,the other is not.)
Neither book is hers. 兩本書都不是她的。(注意,neither這里是形容詞,修飾名詞時(shí),中間不可插入定冠詞等)
Not every one of them likes swimming. 他們并非每人都喜歡游泳。
(=Some of them like swimming,others don't.)
None of them like swimming. 他們都不喜歡游泳。
Everyone here can't speak English. 并非這里每人都能說英語。
(=Some can speak English,some can't.)
Nobody here can speak English. 這里沒有人能說英語。
Not everything that he said is true. 他說的并非都是真的。
(=Something he said is true,but something is not true.)
Nothing he said is true. 他說的都不是真的。
I don't like both of the pictures. 這兩幅畫我并非都喜歡。
I like neither of the pictures. 這兩幅畫我都不喜歡。
I don't like everybody here. 我并非喜歡這里的每個(gè)人。
I like nobody here. 這里的人我都不喜歡。
We can't find the animal everywhere. 這種動(dòng)物并不是到處都能找到。
We can't find the animal anywhere. 這種動(dòng)物在哪里都找不到。
All the books on the desk are not worth reading. 桌上所有的書并不是都值得讀。(=Some books on the desk are worth reading,others are not.)
None of the books on the desk are worth reading. 桌上的書都不值得讀。
None books on the desk are worth reading.
(none是不定代詞,作主語或賓語,但不可直接修飾名詞作定語)
He hasn't cleaned all the rooms. 他并沒有把所有的房間都打掃過了。
He has cleaned none of the rooms. 房間他都沒有打掃。