人類可能生來(lái)具有數(shù)學(xué)能力

所屬教程:輕松英語(yǔ)閱讀

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tingliketang

2023年01月04日

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people appear to born to compute.
人似乎生來(lái)就會(huì)計(jì)算。

The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth.
孩子們使用數(shù)字的技能發(fā)展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易讓人想象有一個(gè)內(nèi)在的精確而成熟的數(shù)字鐘在指導(dǎo)他們的成長(zhǎng)。

Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impress accuracy---one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.
孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)走路和說(shuō)話后不久，就能以令人驚嘆的準(zhǔn)確布置桌子--五把椅子前面分別擺上一把刀、一個(gè)湯匙、一把叉子。

Soon they are capable of nothing that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware.
很快地，他們就能知道他們已在桌面上擺放了五把刀、五個(gè)湯匙、五把叉子。沒有多久，他們就又能知道這些東西加起來(lái)總共是15把銀餐具。
Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction.
如此這般地掌握了加法之后，他們又轉(zhuǎn)向減法。
- It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later,
- 有一種設(shè)想幾乎順理成章，那就是，即使一個(gè)孩子一出生就被隔絕到荒島上，七年后返回世間，
- he or she could enter a second enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
- 也能直接上小學(xué)二年級(jí)的數(shù)學(xué)課，而不會(huì)碰到任何智力調(diào)整方面的大麻煩。
- Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends.
- 當(dāng)然，事實(shí)并沒有這么簡(jiǎn)單。本世紀(jì)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家的工作已經(jīng)揭示了智力發(fā)展所依賴的日常學(xué)習(xí)的微妙形式。
- Children were observed as they slowly grasped-----
- 他們觀察到孩子們緩慢掌握那些成年人認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的概念的過(guò)程，
- or, as the case might be, bumped into-----concepts that adults take for quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short glass into a tall thin one.
- 或者是孩子們偶然遇到這些概念的過(guò)程。他們也觀察到孩子們拒絕承認(rèn)某些常識(shí)的情況。比如：孩子們拒絕承認(rèn)當(dāng)水從短而粗的瓶中倒入細(xì)而長(zhǎng)的瓶子中時(shí)，水的數(shù)量沒有變化。
  - Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total.
  - 心理學(xué)家們而后又展示一個(gè)例子，即：讓孩子們數(shù)一堆鉛筆時(shí)，他們能順利地報(bào)出藍(lán)鉛筆或紅鉛筆的數(shù)目，但卻需誘導(dǎo)才能報(bào)出總的數(shù)目。
  - Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort.
  - 此類研究表明：數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)過(guò)逐漸努力后掌握的。
  - They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers
  - 他們還表示抽象的數(shù)字概念，
  - ------the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table
  - 如可表示任何一類物品并且是在做比擺桌子有更高數(shù)學(xué)要求的任何事時(shí)都必備的一、二、三意識(shí)，
  - -----is itself far from innate
  - 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是天生就具備的。